Physical and Chemical properties of matter

Physical and Chemical properties of matter

1. Physical Properties

   • Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter
     • The main phases of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
       • Types of Physical properties
         • Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, polarity, and many others.
           • Examples of Physical Properties
             • A physical property is a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition. Familiar examples of physical properties include density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity.

2. Chemical Properties

   • The change of one type of matter into another type (or the inability to change) is a chemical property.
     • Simply speaking, chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance.
       • Types of Chemical Properties
         • Types of chemical bonds formed. Coordination number. Oxidation states. Flammability. Heat of combustion. Enthalpy of formation.
           • Examples of Chemical Properties
             • absorption (physical) absorption (electromagnetic) albedo. angular momentum. area. brittleness. boiling point. capacitance.

3. Differences of Chemical and Physical Properties

   • Physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties include color, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points. A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change. To identify a chemical property, we look for a chemical change. A chemical change always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change. The formation of rust is a chemical change because rust is a different kind of matter than the iron, oxygen, and water present before the rust formed.

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