A. Q5. Dicuss the assoication of young men, delinquency and crime

Paragraph 1. Control Theory Reiss (1951)
1. Males have much more freedom compared to females who take domesticated roles
2. If females commits crime labelled as unmanageable and many constraints put onto their life. Males it is more accepted and expected
3. Commit crime due to failure of personal and social controls
4. Heidensohn (1985) suggested policys and laws reinforce the idea of females are dependent where males are independent
5. Lack of parental supervision, Risk factor Farrington (2007)
6. Sampson and Laub (1993) - family are important linking the child to norms of society if these bonds break liklihood of delinquency increased
7. In the 21st Century women becoming much more independent, although men still committing more crime may explain the reason in recent years women committing more crime.
Paragraph 2. Biological
1. Positivst
  1. Crime occurs due to tangiable and quant means by gaining objective knowledge
2. Genetic hormone of testosterone which is linked to aggression
  1. Dobbs (1995) found a link between high levels of testosterone and delinquency, violent offending/subtance abuse. had trouble with authority
    1. As control theory suggests that obedience within society is essential
3. Puberty. Time of dramatic change, develop into a man
  1. Experience many hormonal changes
  2. Struggle between natural instincts and socially acceptable behaviour
  3. G.Stanley Hall. defined the time as a period of storm and stress
  4. Delinquency as a release for their natural instincts
    1. Why male crime peaks at this time
  5. Big generealisation
Paragraph 3. Hegemonic masculinty
1. Dominant social group in society, legitimise characteristics of masculinity to maintain it
  1. Reinforced my media & other institutions
2. Boys will be boys mentality so men are seem to expected to commit crime
3. Some men can't achieve masculinity by legal means as lower class so lack of money and oppotunities
  1. Messerschmidt (1933) commit crime to be seen as masculine
4. Depending on social group crime changes.eg. white w/c commit physical aggression as its considered masculine
5. Crime in working class areas are used a front to look masculine
6. W/C offenders are demonised to hide any similarities between them and more powerful offenders that could be identified. For example media to not reposrt that the individual most likely to be a victim are young males
Paragraph 4 - Strain theory. Merton
1. Feel a strain from unrealistic expectations of expectations from the structures in society
  1. Depending on what they define as succesful
    1. Western society very materialistic so working class cannot afford the goods, or get the oppotunity to gain them
2. Fiver responses of structural strains called individual adaptations
  1. Rebellion
  2. Conformity. The majority who accepts goals and values of society
  3. Innovation
  4. Ritualism
  5. Retreatism
3. Cohen (1955) Identified deviant beh as a result of status frustration
  1. Stuck in the lower end of class system
    1. Create their own system opposite values to society in which they can suceed
      1. Although accounts for over representation of working class males in YJS what about middle class males
Social Learning theory
1. Children are very suseptible to outside influences, especially parents
2. Bbandura Bobo doll experiment(1961)
  1. Investigated whether social behaviours can be aquired if observed.
  2. Found that children were extremely likely to copy behaviour from a role model figure
    1. Even more so if the role model was of the same-sex
      1. Boys were more likely to copy the same-sex role model than girls and also more likely to copy aggressive behaviour
        Men are more likely to be aggressive, and if boys are more likely to copy this may be why they commit more crime
        Supporting farrington (2007) suggestiion that the factor which increases the risk of deviant behaviour the most is if the parent is deviant
        Children from single parent families (normally mother) are move likely to commit deviant acts potentially deu to not having a positive influential role model, so looks elsewhere
        Standardised procedure and controlled envionment means a cause and effect relationship can be identified, however it doesnt explain why males would commit more crime in the first place only why they do so now. Likewise it lacked ecological validity, the role model had no contact with the child which is unlike real life situations. Also only measured short term effects.

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A. Q5. Dicuss the assoication of young men, delinquency and crime

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