Why do people obey?

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A Levels Psychology (AS) Mind Map on Why do people obey?, created by Jessica Phillips on 14/05/2015.
Jessica Phillips
Mind Map by Jessica Phillips, updated more than 1 year ago
Jessica Phillips
Created by Jessica Phillips over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Why do people obey?
  1. Evaluation
    1. Monocausal emphasis
      1. Mandel (1998)
        1. Suggests that by focusing on just obedience, Milgram ignored other more plausible explanations
        2. Goldhagen (1996)
          1. Identified anti-Semitism as the primary motivation for the actions of the Germans, not obedience
        3. Agentic shift
          1. Important aspect of Milgram's obedience explanation as applied to the Holocaust
            1. Believed that the same psychological process was at work in both situations
              1. Some differences suggest not
                1. Amount of time
                  1. Holocaust perpetrators carried out duties for months
                    1. Milgram's experiment happened in a day
                    2. Perception of harm
                      1. Browning (1992)
                        1. 38,000 Jews were executed over 4 years by the Reserve Police Battalion 101
                        2. Milgram's participants were told there would be no permanent tissue damage
                2. The consequences of the obedience alibi
                  1. Mandel (1998)
                    1. Distressing for those effected
                      1. Exonerates war criminals of crime
                        1. Obedience as a key role in the Holocaust is not justified
                    2. Gradual commitment
                      1. Once committed to a course of action it becomes difficult for people to change their minds
                        1. Increased shocks gradually from low to high
                        2. Agentic shift
                          1. Agentic state
                            1. The condition a person is in when they see themselves as an agent for carrying out another persons wishes
                            2. Autonomous state
                              1. The state when a person sees himself acting on his own
                              2. Upon entering hierarchy of authority, switch to agentic state
                                1. No longer feel like they are acting on their own purposes
                              3. The role of buffers
                                1. Whether the teacher and the learner are in the same room
                                  1. Being in different rooms acts as a buffer
                                    1. Can't see the consequences of actions
                                      1. If in the same room, the buffering effect is reduced
                                  2. Justifying obedience
                                    1. Offering an ideology
                                      1. Good for science etc
                                        1. End justifies the means
                                          1. Shocks given were justified as they were told it would help improve memory
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