Music

Music

The 20th Century
1. The Rites of Spring
  1. It was written for the ballet Russes (a Russian group performing in Paris)
  2. it was choreographed by the ballet superstar Vaslaw nijinsky
  3. It was written by Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
  4. Constant unevenness in rhythm and changing time signiture
  5. The first performance was in Paris
  6. Made up of stamping and jumping with knees pulled in and elbows sticking out
  7. One of the most famous openings in music
    1. Played higher than ever before on the bassoon
    2. Based on a Lithuanian Folk Song
    3. opening section is called the Auguries of Spring
  8. It end with 'the Sacrificial Dance'
    1. 'the chosen one' dances herself to death
      1. as a sacrifice to the God of Spring
2. Dissonance
  1. Lack of harmony among musical notes
3. Modernism
  2. Bela Bartok
4. Serialism
  1. Arnold Schoenberg
    1. He had begun composing in an atonal style, dissonance music without any sense of home key
5. Webern's Variations of Piano
  1. composed in 1936
  2. Large range of dynamics
Classical
1. Beethoven
  1. suffered from hearing loss (under 30)
  2. 1770-1827
  3. born in Bonn (Germany)
  4. irritable and short tempered
  5. never married
2. Joseph Haydn
  1. wrote string-quartets
    1. type of chamber music
    2. 2 violins, viola, cello
  2. wrote symphonies
3. Mozart
  1. Born in Austria 1770
4. Mozert horn Concerto No.4 in E flat major, K.49
  1. It is in three movements
  2. Rondo form
  3. 6/8 time
  4. happy, springy
5. Rondo form
  1. Rondo Form
  2. A structure based around a returning tune called the rondo theme. It is seperated by other contrasting sections of music which always leads back to the same tune
    1. ABACABA
6. Horn
  1. Early horns had a restricted number of pitches
  2. the use of crooks - a section of tubing of different length that, when inserted, altered the length of the instrument, therefor the pitch - was an early solution to the problem
  3. In the mid 18th century, people began to insert their right hands into the bell to change the length of the instrument; adjusting the tuning
  4. Around 1815, valves were introduced - became chromatic
7. Concerto
  1. piece for orchestra with a solo instrument
Romantic
1. Piano
  1. invented in the early 1700s by an Italian Cristoforti
  2. It was later built using an iron frame
  3. The range of notes was gradually increased to 6 octaves by 1819, giving it more expressive scope
2. Idee fixe
3. Woodwind new instruments
  1. piccolo (small, high flute with a piercing sound)
  2. bass clarinet (a low sounding clarinet)
  3. Contra bassoon (a very low sounding double or bass bassoon)
  4. Cor anglais (a bigger deeper sounding oboe)
4. The harp became a regular member of the orchestra
5. hector Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique
  1. Is a musical phrase or theme that occurs at intervalsthroughout the piece
  2. 2nd movement: ball. Waltz 3/4
  3. 4th movement: March to the Scaffold. The idee fixe reappears to be cut off by the fall of the axe
6. Fredryk Chopin - born near Warsaw
  1. He wrote: Nocturnes
7. Rubato
  1. 'holding back and pushing on'
  2. stolen/borrowing
  3. an expressive variation of tempo; a relaxation of strict time
  4. Time is taken from less important notes to spend on more important ones.
8. Virtuoso
  1. having an amazing technical ability
  3. Virtuosic Pianist
9. Nicolo Pagini
  1. Virtuosic Violinist
  2. Techniques such as:
10. Franz Liszt
  1. 1811 Hungary
  2. Invented the modern piano recital
11. Opera
  1. Secular - non-religious
  2. Love
  3. Dramatic work set to music
  4. Consists of: recitatives, arias, choruses
12. Music Drama
  1. Richard Wagner wanted to create a form calles Gesamtkunstwerk
    1. Bringing together the best aspects of music, poetry, art and acting
    2. His compositions have leitmotifs - short musical themes associalted with a character, place, idea or plot element
13. Tristian Chord
  1. F,D sharp,B, Gsharp
    1. not like normal chords
  2. famous chord

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