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Description
Mind Map by Nathaniel Parkinson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nathaniel Parkinson
over 3 years ago
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Biology chapter 1
- The study of Life/living things
- Definition of Life:
- Has cells
- Cell Theory
- All living things are made of Cells.
- All cells have 4 things in common
- Cell Membranee
- Ribosomes
- DNA
- Central Dogma of Biology is:
- DNA Self-replicates and that it guides the
production of RNA and Proteins
- DNA Self-replicates and that it guides the
production of RNA and Proteins
- Central Dogma of Biology is:
- Cytosol
- Cell Membranee
- 2 types of Cells
- Eukaryotes
- Large and has
membrane-bound
organelles
- Large and has
membrane-bound
organelles
- Prokaryotes
- Smaller and has no
membrane-bound organelles
- Smaller and has no
membrane-bound organelles
- Eukaryotes
- All cells have 4 things in common
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in
Biology.
- new cells come from
previously existing cells
- All living things are made of Cells.
- Cell Theory
- Is organized
- Levels of organization
- subatomic particle, atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism, population, community, ecosystem,
biomes, biosphere.
- Emergent Properties
- From each step up in complexity, a new property emerges which
lower levels cannot replicate. (Ex. Cells are alive, nothing below is)
- From each step up in complexity, a new property emerges which
lower levels cannot replicate. (Ex. Cells are alive, nothing below is)
- Species are all members of a certain type of life (ex. Humans). A population
is how many of that species is in a certain area.(Population of NYC)
- Emergent Properties
- subatomic particle, atom, molecule, macromolecule,
organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system,
organism, population, community, ecosystem,
biomes, biosphere.
- Levels of organization
- Uses energy
- 3 ways to get energy
- Produce energy as a Chemoautotroph or
a Photoautotroph (Plants)
- Consume Other forms of life Including Producers, other
consumers or Decomposers (Humans, Cows, Tigers)
- Decompose other forms of life into
nutrients for Producers and
yourself(Fungi)
- Consume Other forms of life Including Producers, other
consumers or Decomposers (Humans, Cows, Tigers)
- Produce energy as a Chemoautotroph or
a Photoautotroph (Plants)
- 3 ways to get energy
- Maintain Homeostasis
- Grows and Develops
- Evolution is a part
of Developing
- Evolution is the change of a species over time via Natural
Selection to make a species better suited to its environment
- Natural selection has 4 mechanisms
- A variety of traits are produced
- There is an overproduction of offspring
- Survival of the Fittest
- Survivors pass on their traits.
- Repeat
- Repeat
- Survivors pass on their traits.
- Survival of the Fittest
- There is an overproduction of offspring
- A variety of traits are produced
- An adaptation is a trait that helps an
organism survive and reproduce
- Evolution cannot occur in individuals because their
genetic makeup rarely changes during their lifetime
- Natural selection has 4 mechanisms
- Evolution is the change of a species over time via Natural
Selection to make a species better suited to its environment
- Evolution is a part
of Developing
- Reproduces
- Asexually
- Mitosis
- One division forming
2 identical clones
- For repair, cell growth or
by single-celled organisms
- One division forming
2 identical clones
- Mitosis
- sexually
- Meiosis
- 2 divisions forming 4
genetically unique cells
- Happens to
propagate a multicellular
species
- 2 divisions forming 4
genetically unique cells
- Meiosis
- Asexually
- Has cells
- Scientific Method
- Make an observation, Form a question, Research, Form a Hypothesis,
Experiment to disprove Hypothesis, Analyze Data, Draw conclusion, Modify if
necessary. Through repeated testing, a Theory about a Law may be formed.
- Observation can be done with Inductive VS deductive reasoning
- Inductive reasoning: specific observations to a
general conclusion about something
- Deductive Reasoning: general observations to a
specific conclusion about something
- Inductive reasoning: specific observations to a
general conclusion about something
- Hypothesis vs Theory vs. Law
- The hypothesis is a guess about what will happen
during your experiment
- A Law summarizes a phenomenon. What is happening?
It cannot explain the phenomenon.
- A theory is a well-tested observation
about the world
- The hypothesis is a guess about what will happen
during your experiment
- In experiments, there is bias. There are a few
ways to reduce bias.
- Controls in the experiment
- Sampling procedures to get good
testing groups
- Largest numbers feasibly possible for the test subjects. More
subjects = more likely to spot a pattern.
- Make sure your
results are
repeatable
- Controls in the experiment
- Observation can be done with Inductive VS deductive reasoning
- Make an observation, Form a question, Research, Form a Hypothesis,
Experiment to disprove Hypothesis, Analyze Data, Draw conclusion, Modify if
necessary. Through repeated testing, a Theory about a Law may be formed.
- Viruses and prions are not alive
because they lack characteristics of
living things.
- Definition of Life:
- Taxonomy
- In taxonomy we use a binomial Nomenclature
to name animals (Ex. Homo sapien)
- The Hierarchy of the naming system is: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
- A good way to remember this is:
Did King Philip Come Over For
Good Soup?
- Human Taxonomy is
Eukarya, Animalia,
Chordata, Mammalia,
Primate, Hominidae,
Homo, sapien
- The 3 domains are
Eukarya, Bacteria and
Arachea
- A good way to remember this is:
Did King Philip Come Over For
Good Soup?
- The Hierarchy of the naming system is: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
- In taxonomy we use a binomial Nomenclature
to name animals (Ex. Homo sapien)
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