7 vitamins with clinical importance

7 vitamins with clinical importance

1. It's evaluated

   • Abundance
   • Risks
   • Deficiency symptoms

2. It's 2 billion people in risk due to micronutrients deficiences

3. Dietary references intake

   • Estimated average required
   • Recommended dietary allowance
   • Adequate intake
   • Tolerable upper intake

4. Vitamin K

   • Source
     • Vegetable
       • Such as: Spinach Canola oil Margarine
   • It's storage in the liver and absorbed at the small intestine
   • Function
     • Coagulation
     • Act against oxidative stress
     • Act against diseases like hepatitis B or Cancer
   • Phytonadione
   • Risk Factors
     • It's highly common in neonates to required formula milk for fortification
     • Specific maternal medication

5. Vitamin C

   • Ascorbic Acid
   • It's a worldwide well-known deficiency
   • Source
     • Fruits
     • Vegetables
     • Citrus juice
   • It's a cofactor and an antioxidant
   • Deficiency symptoms
     • Fatige
     • Hyperkeratosis
     • Hemarthrosis
     • It's a risk condition to be an alcoholic or a smoker to develop these diseases
   • Functions
     • Ions
       • Absorption
       • Transport
       • Storage
     • Respiratory track infections treatment

6. Vitamin E

   • Source
     • Available in most dietary aliments
       • Such as: Vegetable Oils Fruits Meats Vegetable Grains
   • Deficiency symptoms
     • Peripheral neuropathy Ataxia & Hyporeflexia
     • Not common
     • Cancer Cardiovascular diseases
   • Tocopherol
   • it's an antioxidant that protects cells from free radicals

7. Folate

   • pteroylpolyglutamato
   • Source
     • All dietary & supplements sources
       • Animals sources are more stable than vegetable ones
   • It doesn't have proved toxicity
   • Deficiency symptoms
     • Pregnancy defects
     • Related to other vitamin diseases, not really common.
     • Low birthweight
     • Depression
     • Cognitive impairment
     • Dementia
   • Risks factors
     • Alcoholism
     • Premature infants
     • Specific medication
       • Such as: Methotrexate & Trimethotrexate

8. Vitamin A

   • Retinoic acids
   • Functions
     • Vision Immunity Cell differentiation & growth
   • Toxicity
     • Acute >150.000 µg
     • Cronic >60µg
   • Deficiency symptoms
     • Blindness
     • Xerosis
     • Increase morbidity
     • Cystic fibrosis
   • Source
     • Animals derivatives
     • Supplements
     • Provitamin A - Carotenoids
       • Such as: Carrots Broccoli Spinach Peach

9. Vitamin B12

   • Cyanocobalamin
   • Source
     • Animals derivatives
       • Milk Meat Eggs
   • Deficiency symptoms
     • More frequent in pregnant womens & children
     • Principally caused by gastrointestinal diseases of metabolic pathways
     • Develop & growing diseases
     • Lethargy
     • Hypotonia
     • Irritability
     • Neurological deficiency
   • Special characteristics
     • Has its own receptor located at the distal ileum
     • It has a complex absorption

10. Vitamin D

    • Source
      • Sunlight and a minimal expression in the normal diet
    • Normal Levels
      • Deficiency <25ng/mL
      • Insufficiency 21-29 ng/mL
      • Sufficiency >30ng/mL
    • Risk Factors
      • Limited sun exposition
      • Insufficient nutritional intake
      • Obesity
      • Medications
        • Such as: Antiepileptics Glucocorticoids
      • Non-balanced metabolism and absorption of Vit. D
      • Genetic factors
    • Deficiency symptoms
      • Hyperthyroidism
      • Low birthweight
      • Kidney diseases