Theories on Language Acqusition

BICS
1. Jim Cummins
2. Language acquired through basic interactions, the playground, texting, at lunch, in the hallways, etc.
  1. This is what your student walks into your classroom with
  2. When your kids don't interact with you, but will with their classmates it's like how you can perform a task no problem on your own but the pressure of an audience shuts you down
  3. Helping them bridge over
    1. Interactive learning games when it rains or having an interactive learning space outside
    2. Encouraging them to interact more in the classroom will help them, group work, or partners so they talk more in an academic setting
Threshold Hypothesis
1. Jim Cummings
2. The threshold level of ability must be reached in the first language to be successful in another
  1. Your student must know the basics and understand their first language before they can successfully learn another
    1. Like building blocks they have to have something to build their knowledge onto, without one language mastered learning a second would be nearly impossible
Effective Filter Hypothesis
1. Steven Krashen
2. This is when you model what you are trying to teach. You are taking down barriers to allow them to learn easier
  1. Visual Aids/Graphics
  2. Demonstrating what they are about to do/will do yourself
  3. This could be giving them sentence starters for a project
CALP
1. Jim Cummins
2. Formal academic learning, going from BICS to CALP can take anywhere from 4-10 years.
  1. To shorten this time period you can work more with a student one on one
  2. BICS --> CALP is going from being able to basically communicate in a language to being proficient in the language, like ordering food or casual conversation, to writing papers
    1. Climbing up the perverbial ladder of education, going from simple conversation, to after mastering more and more of the language, excelling and being a professional writer
  3. This is going from yes or no questions to comprehensive questions
It's All Just a System
1. Ferdinand de Saussure
2. Learning how the language is formed is part of learning the language itself
  1. Parts of speech
  2. You can teach it as a formula, "to make a complete sentence you must have a noun and verb"
Input vs. Intake
1. Input - all oral language a student is exposed to
2. Intake- the language that the learner absorbs and can engage
3. Students are exposed to more than they can take, but can be effective when the concepts are repeated
4. Strategies
  1. demonstrating
  2. giving hand outs with starter sentences
  3. tell students what information to focus on ahead of time
5. Found in video, could not find original theorist
Universal Grammar
1. Noam Chomsky
2. Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives, every language has them.
3. Building on their knowledge they already have of sentence structure to learn a second language
  1. Simple sentence worksheets teaching them how to form sentences, or complex ones would be helpful
4. Since we all use the same parts of speech, just in different places, the knowledge is there, just the practice of the information changes.

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Theories on Language Acqusition

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	Created by Sara Klucking almost 9 years ago