2937317
Description
Mind Map by Linda M DeChaine, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Linda M DeChaine
almost 9 years ago
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Upper Respiratory Infections
- Epidemiology
- Constitute Approximately 20-40% Outpatient Visits,
>85% Include Naso-pharyngitis,Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis,
Otitis Media, Majority of Illness Presents as Viral in
Nature, Predominant Bacterial Causes Include
Streptococcus and Staphylococcus Species.
- Inappropriate Stewardship of Antibiotic Use Contributes to the
Development of Resistant Species of Bacteria, Hand-washing remains
the most Effective Means of Controlling Infection
- Inappropriate Stewardship of Antibiotic Use Contributes to the
Development of Resistant Species of Bacteria, Hand-washing remains
the most Effective Means of Controlling Infection
- Constitute Approximately 20-40% Outpatient Visits,
>85% Include Naso-pharyngitis,Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis,
Otitis Media, Majority of Illness Presents as Viral in
Nature, Predominant Bacterial Causes Include
Streptococcus and Staphylococcus Species.
- Pathophysiology
- Pathogenic Inoculation followed by overwhelming
multiple immune barriers, initiating an active
immune response mediated by cytokines, active
cellular response to inflammation including
neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and
eosinophils.
- Pathogenic Inoculation followed by overwhelming
multiple immune barriers, initiating an active
immune response mediated by cytokines, active
cellular response to inflammation including
neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and
eosinophils.
- Risk Factors
- Immature Immunity, Repetitive Exposure to Bacterial or Viral Pathogens,
Repetitive Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke, Pre-Exisiting Disease Process,
Exposure to an Infectious Person
- Children are Especially Venerable in Group Care
situations, but over-zealous sanitation efforts may leave
immune systems unchallenged.
- Children are Especially Venerable in Group Care
situations, but over-zealous sanitation efforts may leave
immune systems unchallenged.
- Immature Immunity, Repetitive Exposure to Bacterial or Viral Pathogens,
Repetitive Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke, Pre-Exisiting Disease Process,
Exposure to an Infectious Person
- Clinical Presentation
- Fever, Pain, Malaise, Decreased Appetite,
Increased Respiratory and Heart Rate, Lymph
Node Inflammation, Exudate, Erythema
- Fever, Pain, Malaise, Decreased Appetite,
Increased Respiratory and Heart Rate, Lymph
Node Inflammation, Exudate, Erythema
- Diagnosis
- Clinical Presentation, Positive Cultures or Viral
Testing
- Increased White Count, Manual Differential
Demonstrates a 'Shift to the Left' with immature
cells present
- Fever, Pain, Malaise
- Increased White Count, Manual Differential
Demonstrates a 'Shift to the Left' with immature
cells present
- Clinical Presentation, Positive Cultures or Viral
Testing
- Adaptive Responses
- Fever (Anti-Microbial Effect), Increased Rate of Respiration and Heart
(Response to Pain), Inflamed Lymph Nodes (Active Inflammatory Response to
Begin Clearing Infection), Exudate (Active Cellular Involvement), Erythema
(Active Isolation of Inflammatory or Infectious Process)
- Fever (Anti-Microbial Effect), Increased Rate of Respiration and Heart
(Response to Pain), Inflamed Lymph Nodes (Active Inflammatory Response to
Begin Clearing Infection), Exudate (Active Cellular Involvement), Erythema
(Active Isolation of Inflammatory or Infectious Process)
- References Deglin, J. H., Vallerand, A. H., & Sanoski, C. A. (2011). Davis's
Drug Guide for Nurses (12th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A.Davis Company.
Holmes, S., & Scullion, J. (2013, November). Prescribing for upper
respiratory tract infection. . Retrieved from CINAHL. Huether, S., &
McCance, K. (2012). Understanding Pathophysiology (5th ed., pp.
1049-1050). St Louis, MO: Laureate Education.
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