Flashcards
Key Events, People and Terms of the French Revolution
Cards in this deck (73)
- 1Jacobin Club (background)-High membership fee.
-Supported by wealthy liberal-consistutional monarchists.
Robespierre had a minority group of more radical Jacobins. - 2Jacobin Club (aims)- Wanted King to be removed.
-1792 Robespierre introduced centralisation of government.
-Accepted a more controlled economy.
-no objection to free trade in grain + abolishment of guilds. - 3Jacobin Club (power)-National network of clubs.
-Allowed large number of people to become directly involved in political life.
-2% of population involved - 4The Cordeliers Club (background)- founded in 1790 by Bourgeoisie members Danton and Marat
-more radical than Jacobins
- no membership fee
-more working class support - 5The Cordeliers Club (aims)-objected to distinction between active + passive citizens
-supported measures favoured by Sans - culottes
- right of insurrection
- direct democracy where votes choose deputies
- Deputies to account for their actions - 6The Cordeliers Club (power)- societies formed
- Liberal profession - 7Sans Culottes (background)- workers in towns
- responsible for Bastille uprising
- considered 'passive' citizens - 8Sans Culottes (aim)-Control of peoples wages + prices
- Regulation of Economy
- they supported the cordeliers - 9Active CitizensCitizens who depending on the amount of tax they paid were able to vote and stand as deputies
- 10Ancien Regimeterm used to describe the French system of government before the revolution
- 11Anti-Clericalismopposition to the catholic church
- 12Appel nominalEach deputy was required to publicly declare his decision on whether Louis XVI was guilty or innocent
- 13AssignatBonds backed up by the sale of Church land that circulated asa form of paper currency
- 14The Bourgeiosietypically considered to be the middle class in the 18th century the term applied to those who lived mainly in towns and made a living through intellectual skills or business practices. They were becoming increasingly rich but due to the inequality of the ancient regime they were being unfairly taxed and were key supporters to the revolution
- 15GirondinsA small group of deputies from the Gironde region and their associates - notably Brissot
wanted little change and reform of the political system - 16Cahiersthe lists of demands and suggestions for reforms drawn up by the representatives of each estate that was presented to the Estates General
- 17CentralisationDirect central control of the various parts of government with less power to the regions
- 18Citizens Militiaa bourgeoisie defence force set up to protect the interests of property owners in Paris. After the storming of the Bastille it became the national guard
- 19committee of public safety (CPS)The convention set up the CPS its purpose was to supervise and speed up the activity of the ministers whose authority it superseded. One of the twin pillars of the terror along with the CGS
- 20Calonnethe controller general responsible for overlooking the France's finance
- 21Palais Royalecentre of radical propaganda
- 22Neckerpopular public figure and was considered to be the only man able to solve France's financial problems, inspired the Storming of the Bastille
- 23Paris Commune15 July 1789 commune set up to be the forefront of clashes between the Parisians and the King and would govern the city
- 24Constitutional MonarchyWhere the powers of the crown are limited by a constitution (also known as a limited monarchy)
- 25Constitutionthe establishment of structures for governing a country e.g:
making laws, forming government, conduct elections and the division of powers
the detail of these structures should be presented in a written document. - 26corvéeunpaid labour service to maintain roads, in many places money replaced the service
- 27Danton-leading Montagnard/Jacobin
-considered a threat by CPS - 28Desmoulinsclose friend to Danton and journalist in his paper le vieux cordelier
- 29Committee of General Security (CGS)the task of rooting out all anti-republican opposition. Had overall responsibility for police security, surveillance and spying.
- 30Revolutionary TribunalA court specialising in trying those suspected to be enemies of the revolution. Set up on 10th march 1793.
- 31Estates Generalthe body that governed frame until 1789 made up three estates that represented the Church, Nobility and the third estate, only summoned in times of extreme crisis.
- 32ÉmigrésMainly aristocrats and other people who fled France during the revolution
- 33FédérésMainly national guardsmen sent from the provinces to display national unity during the fete de la federation that commemorated the fall of the Bastille. militant revolutionaries and republicans.
- 34Feudal dueseither financial or work obligations imposed on the peasantry by landowners
- 35Diocesean area served by a bishop, made up by a large number of parishes
- 36Cult of the Supreme BeingRobespierre's alternative civic religion to the catholic faith
7th May 1794 - 37Laws of Ventoseproperty of those recognised as enemies of the revolution could be seized and distributed among the poor
26th february 1794 - 38Coup of Thermidor26-7th July 1794
the overthrow of Robespierre and his closest supporters which marked the end of the Terror - 39Legislative Assemblycame into existence in 1791 and was the second elected assembly to rule during the revolution, introduced after the constitution of 1791 if differed from national/constituent assembly in that members were directly elected
- 40Martial Lawwhen there is severe rioting or public disorder, the authorities can declare martial law which could impose restrictions on movement and may suspend civil liberties
- 41Laissez-fairenon interference in economic matters, so that trade and industry should be free from state interference
- 42Montagnardsthe name given to jacobin deputies who occupied the upper seats in the tiered chamber of the national assembly
- 43Pays d'étatsArea that had local representative assemblies of the three estates that contributed to the assessment and collection of royal taxes
- 44Notablesrich powerful individuals - the elite who controlled the political and economic life of france
- 45Paris SectionsParis divided into 48 sections to replace the 60 electoral districts of 1789 - the section became the power of the sans culottes
- 46Refractory prieststhe priests who refused to take the oath - the civil constitution of the clergy
- 47The civil constitution of the ClergyJuly 1790
this measure reformed the catholic church in France. It split the church and forced members of the catholic religion to sign that they support the revolution
Peasants turn against revolution because religion is everything to them
begins a split between the radicals and moderates. - 48Law of Prairial4th June 1794
the most severe of the laws passed by the revolutionary government. The purpose of the law was to reform the revolutionary tribunal in order to secure more convictions. Robespierre exacerbates the terror and people don't like him for continuing terror policies - 49Law of Suspectsanyone suspected of counter-revolutionary activity and undermining the Republic could be arrested and held without trial indefinitely
- 50Flight to Varennes20th-21st June 1791
Louis XVI attempted to flee France and go to Varennes because France hated him
Wanted to leave France and ally with Austria in order to then retake France with their help - 51Tennis Court Oath20th June
the 3rd estate gather at a tennis Court after being removed form the hall
the oath called for a constitutional monarchy
Turning point in situation and begs the revolution
Louis XVI sends in troops and people believed there was going to be a civil war - 52October days5th-6th Oct 1789
People of France force the King to sign the decrees after he vetoed them, the national guard helped them. Women marched to Versaille and called for the King to return to Paris - 53Rights of Man26th August 1789
introduces basic human rights for the men of France
King refused to support the rights of man
many believed this signified the end to the ancient regime - 54Attack on Tuileries and Overthrow of the King9th-10th August 1792
Sans-culottes, fédérés and national guard attack the kings home at Tuileries and throw both Louis and Marie Antoinette into jail - 55Law of FrimaireDecember 1793
this introduces a new revolutionary government, the convention introduces the CGS + CPS and they begin to take over
France is now a dictatorship - 56Storming of the BastilleJuly 14th 1789
Genuine fear that the king is sending in troops against the people, the people feel they need to take up arms in order to defend themselves. Laffayet and national guard come together and help to win the fight. - 57Proclamation of the National AssemblyJune 17th 1789
after the tennis court oath the Estates General is dissolved and the national assembly is set up - 58Execution of DantonRobespierre rises to the top, Danton wanted to relax on the terror and the killing of counter revolutionaries. In turn Danton and fellow jacobins are executed and Robespierre enacts more radical laws and terror
- 59August Decrees4th August 1789
starts to pacify citizens - maintains control of peasants
gets peasants on side and helps to bring an end to the great fear
In the Long term it will supposedly end the ancient regime
the decrees proposed an end to the feudal system and introduce new ideas proposed in the cahiers - 60The Great Fear4th August - 20th August
Attacks on Noble property in search of feudal rights
revolt of peasants all over the countryside
peasants going after terriers a legal document that states the nobles rights and privileges
Was considered to be big problem because it showed uprising not only in cities but also in many previously peaceful provinces - 61France declared BankruptAugust 1788
France calls on the nobility to sort out the problem
introduces an assembly of notables that essentially resolve nothing as they do not want to enforce tax upon themselves - 62Overthrow of the Girondins2nd June 1793
the Girondins were kicked out of the convention by the sans culottes
the Girondins are blamed for everything as they did not want to see the king executed
people in the provinces lose their voice as the girondins are no longer able to represent them
this is when the terror policies begin - 63Execution of Louis XVI21st January 1793
creates further division
trial extremely unfair and creates resentment Girondins blamed for not doing anything and are also seen as counter revolutionary because they made weak attempts to prevent the kings execution - 64Proclamation of Republic22nd September
- 65September Massacres2nd-6th september 1792
demonstrates the fear people in Paris have, they are scared there will be a backlash
Marat and other leading radicals called for the execution of any potential threat to the new republic
this event turns the moderates anti-revolutionary and the Jacobins become the leading party - 66Calling of the Estates General5th May 1789
The estates General is called and they are unable to reach a decision on how to vote (by head or order)
the meeting gets out of hand
The event highlights Louis's weakness as he is unable to do anything to rectify the situation
The 3rd estate separate themselves from the estates general, verify their own deputies and begin to organise the national assembly - 67Brunswick ManifestoAugust 1st 1792
the declaration by the prussian leader that if the king is killed or harmed they will completely destroy Paris
The people of France react by creating a fédéré camp
The intervention of the Prussian leader turns many people radical and willing to overthrow the monarchy as he appears unfaithful and disloyal to his country - 68The American War of Independence1788
Bankrupts France
introduces radical ideas into France - 69Eden Treaty1786
Trade between France and England established
England had free exports into France this betters the english economy but contributes to Frances growing economic and financial crisis - 70France declare War on Austria1st April 1792
Louis XVI wants France to lose
Lafayette wants to conquest and spread revolution
Many wanted to test the Kings loyalty and see if he would support them as many see him as a traitor - 71Champs de Mars Massacre17th July 1791
Call to end the Monarchy signed by 20,000 people in Paris
Lafayette kills 50 republicans and crushes the radicals to put them back into place
legislative Assembly works alongside the King and France is still a constitutional monarchy - 72Battle of Valmy20th september 1792
52,000 french troops defeated 34,000 Prussians, significant victory because if the french had been defeated there is little doubt that it would have ben the end to the revolution - 73The Declaration of Pillnitz27th August 1791
After the flight to Varennes failure the Austrians felt they had to make a gesture in support of Louis, the declaration of pillnitz was in association with Prussia
The declaration stated:
The situation of the French king was of common interest to all European rulers
they hoped to restore the powers of the French crown
force would be used if necessary to bring about the restoration.
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- Flash cards with key information on the people, events and terms of the French Revolution.
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