The Periodic Table C3.1

Group 1
1. Called Alkali metals
2. From the left hand column of the periodic table
3. Are very reactive
  1. Have to be stored in oil
  2. React with water
  3. React with air
4. Common Properties
  1. Are very soft
    1. Can be cut with a knife
  2. Have low densities
    1. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium float on water
  3. React quickly with water
    1. From hydroxides and hydrogen gas
      1. The hydroxides dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions
5. Equation
  1. group 1 metal + water → group 1 metal hydroxide + hydrogen
    1. 2M(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2MOH(aq) + H2(g)
      1. M = symbol for group 1 metal
6. Trends
  1. Melting and boiling points
    1. Have low boiling and melting points
      1. Decreases as you go down the elements
  2. Reactivity
    1. Reactivity increases as you go down the elements
    2. Group 1 metals react with non-metals to form ionic compounds
      1. sodium + chlorine → sodium chloride
Transition Metals
1. Between groups 2 and 3
  1. In the centre of the periodic table
2. Some of the most commonly used metals
  1. Iron, copper, silver, gold etc.
3. Can act as catalysts
  1. Iron is used when making ammonia
4. Properties
  1. High density
  2. Hard and tough
  3. High melting points
  4. Make coloured compounds
  5. Slow reaction with water
  6. Slow reaction with air
  7. Slow reaction with acid
Group 7
1. Called Halogens
2. 2nd to right column in the table
3. Are toxic
  1. Can be a useful property
    1. Chlorine
      1. Sterilises drinking water
      2. Sterilises water in swimming pools
    2. Iodine
      1. Used as an antiseptic
        Treats wounds
4. Common properties
  1. Non-metals
  2. Low melting points
  3. Low boiling points
    1. Increase as you go down the group
  4. Brittle when solid
  5. Poor conductors
    1. Heat
    2. Electricity
  6. Have coloured vapours
    1. Become darker as you go down the group
  7. Molecules are diatonic
    1. Contain two atoms
  8. Reactive
    1. Get less reactive as you go down the group
    2. Displacement reactions
      1. Form ionic compounds
        When reacted with metals
      2. Chlorine is more reactive than bromine, so it can displace bromine from bromide compounds
      3. The most reactive halogen displaces all the other halogens from solutions of their salts
Trends in Reactivity
1. Metals
  1. Lose reactions when reacted with non-metals
  2. Group 1 elements
    1. Lose the electron from their highest energy level
      1. From 1+ ions
    2. Number of energy levels increases as you go down the goup
      1. The higher the energy level, the greater the distance from the nucleus
        The further away, the more easily the electrons are lost
        Less reactive
2. Non-metals
  1. Gain electrons when they are reacted with metals
  2. Elements in Group 7 gain one electron into their highest occupied energy level
    1. Form ions with a –1 charge.
  3. Group 7 elements
    1. As you go down the group, the number of energy shells increases.
      1. The higher the energy level, the greater the distance from the nucleus
        The less easily electrons are gained
    2. Become less reactive as you go down the group
3. Reactivity depends on how easily atoms lose or gains electrons
4. Only the highest energy level is used in bonding

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The Periodic Table C3.1

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	Created by Elizabeth W over 10 years ago