Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

1. Symptomology

   • Somantic
     • Damage to esophagus from vomiting
       • Wearing away of tooth enamel.
         • Swollen salivary glands
           • Stomach or intestinal problems
             • Heart problems
   • Cognitive
     • Negative self and body image
       • Low self esteem
         • Perfectionism
   • Behavioural
     • Binging and purging
       • Use of laxatives
         • Excessive exercise
           • Periods of fasting
   • Affective
     • Extreme concern for body shape and weight
       • Out of control binge eating
         • Feeling ashamed and guilty of overeating
     • Fear of gaining weight.

2. Etiology

   • BLOA
     • Kendler et al 1991: Studied 2000 female twins & found a concordance rate of 23% in monozygotic twins & 9% in dizygotic twins
     • Carraso 2000 : Found bulimic patients had lower levels of serotonin, causing this to be a possible cause.
   • CLOA
     • Bruch 1962: Body-Image distortion hypothesis Individuals with an eating disorder have delusions they are fat.
     • Polivy & Herman 1985 : Cognitive inhibition, All or nothing judgement,Binge eating
   • SCLOA
     • Media, Celebrities & Propaganda
     • Social Pressure & Culture

3. Treatment

   • Biomedical: SSRI is used to cure depression that is a cause factor for binging and purging - Serotonin levels are increased without altering the noradrenaline levels
   • Group therapy
     • McKisack et al. 1997 : Found that if patients had similar characteristics the therapy was longer and dealt with intensive sessions plus additional treatment components.
     • Schmidt et al. 2007: Compared a test of CBT to family therapy in a group of 85 adolescents. It was also said that this resolves the disorder faster than other types of treatments.
   • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy addresses "the cognitive aspects of bulimia, such as obsession with body weight, dichotomous thinking (an all-or nothing view of one-self) and negative self-image in combination with behavioral components of the disease such as binge eating and vomiting”
     • Wilson 1996: Found CBT was very successful, and that if medication, such as Prozac, and CBT where combined as a whole treatment, the success rate of recovery would we doubled

4. Eating disorder

5. Prevalance

   • General Population Rate 2% of adults (can be considered as age rate)
   • Cultural Rates Similar prevalence rates from US found in Japan, Norway and some European countries More common in industrialized and metropolitian regions
   • Gender Rates Female:Male:: 10:1 2-3 % of women 0.02-0.03% of men

6. Source-http://bulimiapsychology.weebly.com/

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