FALLS-RISES: The pitch of voice starts high then
moves down words and then up words
DEFAULT:
the
unmarked
and
neutral
tone
WHAT TONES ARE TO BE USED
TONICITY
Phonetically: we accent a syllable by giving it a
change in pitch
Pragmatically: we accent a word by accenting its stressed syllable
what is to be accented
NUCLEUS
WHERE DOES THE NUCLEUS GO?
new information
synonyms
on or near the last word
on a stressed syllables
content words and function words
Is the most important accent in the IP.
TONALITY
how to break material into chunks
INTONATION BREAK
ex: each clouse...( a separate IP)
EX: at every sentence boundary
IP
Scripted material and material read aloud:
IPs are longer
IPs have more accents
Spontaneous converstation:
IPs are shorter
IPs have fewer accents
STRUCTURE OF THE IP
If there are any accent before the nucleus, the
first such accent (onset) constitutes the
beginning of the head. The syllables before the
first accented syllable are called the pre-head.
HEAD
The Head is between the pre-head and the nucleus
NUCLUES
The nucleus is the main accented syllable
PRE-HEAD
The Pre-head is all the inicial unaccented syllables