ESOL Approaches to Learning: Strategies and Methodolgies

Herrera, S., & Murry, K. (2016). Mastering ESL and bilingual methods: Differentiated for culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) Students (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
1. Cognitive Approach
  1. Belief that language is learned through developmental levels that build on prior knowledge and experiences
  2. CALLA Method
    1. A cognitive approach that uses metacognitive and task based strategies to help the learner take charge of their instruction.
      1. Metacognitive Strategies are broad based and help the learner:
        Plan and organize tasks
        Monitor and identify problems
        Evaluate learning tasks to find the most effective
        Manage own learning
      2. Task Based Strategies target specific individual tasks that help the learner:
        Access Prior Knowledge
        Use the images, sounds and movement
        Organize information
        Use a variety of resources
2. Communicative Approach
  1. Belief that learning a language comes from real use of the language
    Annotations:
    - Language is best learned when speaking, reading, and listening skills are practiced together using real word activities and situations.
3. Grammatical Approach
  1. Teacher centered activities focusing on L2 acquistion
  2. Drill and repeat method
4. Sheltered Instruction Methodod
  1. Belief that meaningful instruction and language acquisition happens during planned lessons in the content areas of social studies, math, science
    Annotations:
    - Some Key Strategies are: Increase wait time Simplify teacher language Demonstrate/model tasks Clarify key concepts Use visuals and manipulatives Plan hands on sensory activities Pair or group students with native speakers Encourage translanguaging oppurtunities
  2. 8 key components must be included
    Annotations:
    - Preparation Building Background Comprehensible Input Strategies Interaction Practice/Application Lesson Delivery Review Assessment
5. Integrated Content-Based (ICB) method
  1. Belief that students perform better when acquisition of language and content happens at the same time.
    Annotations:
    - All language domains are targeted: listening speaking reading writing
  2. Classroom environment, activities and lesson topics are based around a central theme.
Chamot, A. U (2009). The CALLA handbook: Implementing the cognitive academic language learning approach, (2nd ed.). White Plains, NY: Pearson Education, Inc.
1. CALLA Method
2. Inquiry Approach
  1. Students take charge of learning through authentic real world projects
    Annotations:
    - five steps: project proposal, research and learning, creating or doing, reflecting, and sharing
3. Balanced Reading Approach
  1. Everyone learns to read differently
    Annotations:
    - Multiple types of texts and reading experiences are provided for students in both L1 and L2.  
4. Language Experience Approach
  1. Spoken language can be written down

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ESOL Approaches to Learning: Strategies and Methodolgies

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	Created by Tina Benson over 2 years ago