unimmunized child

unimmunized child

1. complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

   • Alternative
     • This describes practices that act as a replacement for conventional medicine
   • complementary
     • This describes nonconventional medical approaches as a positive addition to conventional treatment.
   • why would people use CAM?
     • to boost immunity
     • Believe in body’s ability to heal itself
     • less expensive
     • Cons of using CAM
       • not enough research
       • adverse side effects
       • Alternative use is not effective and could lead to worse conditions due to delay in proper treatment
   • CAM practices
     • energy therapies
       • biofields, magnetics
     • biologically based practices
       • Diet herbs
     • alternative medical system
       • homeopathy
         • A medical philosophy and practice based on the idea that the body has the ability to heal itself.
           • Homeopathic medicines usually made of plants, minerals, or even animals.
     • mind-body interventions
       • Yoga

2. Whooping cough

   • caused by bordtella pertussis
     • gram negative
     • coccobacilli
     • strict aerobic
     • catalase positive
     • attaches to the cilia that line part of the upper respiratory system and causes local damage and releases toxins
       • Pertussis toxin regulates adenylate cyclase activity by inhibiting Gi protein leading to an increase in cyclic AMP formation
   • also known as pertussis
     • Antibiotics used for pertussis:
       • erythromycin
       • Azithromycin
       • Clarithromycin
   • Highly contagious respiratory bacterial disease.
   • most common in children
   • spreads by droplets (due to coughing or sneezing)

3. Preventive medicine

   • The goal of preventive medicine is to eliminate disease by stopping its spread
     • primary prevention
       • is the set of measures that prevent the infection from occurring.
     • secondary prevention
       • are the measures that lead to early detection and treatment of the illness before more severe symptoms develop.
     • tertiary prevention
       • are the measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant illness.

4. Types of vaccines

   • 1) live vaccines
     • 2) live attenuated
       • 3) inactivated
         • 4) toxoids
           • 5) cellular fractions
   • Routes of administration
     • Oral route eg bOPV
     • subcutaneous
     • Intramuscular
     • intranasal
     • sacrification
   • immunization schedule in the UAE
     • At birth: BCG, hepatitis B
       • 2 months: Rota1, Hexa1 and PCV1
         • 4 months: Rota2, Hexa2 and PCV2
           • 6 months: PCV3, Penta and bOPV
             • 12 months: MMR1, varicella1
               • 18 months: MMR2, bOPV booster1, DTaP, HiB, IPV
                 • 5-6 years: MMR3, bOPV booster 2, varicella2
                   • 13-14 years: HDV
                     • 15-18 years: meningococcal, Tdp/Tdap
   • During vaccination, the body is exposed to a weakened form of a pathogen that contains the same antigens as the live pathogen, but cannot mount an infection against the body in its weakened state
     • its a type of active immunity ( cell mediated)
       • artificial immunity

5. Anti-vaxxers

   • people who are opposed to vaccines
     • an increase in anti-vaxxers increases the liklihood of an infectious disease that has been eradicated from coming back

Images and files in the map