348895
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Mind Map by meljohns1410, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by meljohns1410
over 10 years ago
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Chemistry 2A
- Bonding and
Structure
- Ionic Bonding - metal atoms lose electrons
and become positively charged. Non-metal
atoms gain electrons and become negative.
- Covalent bond is
between non-metals,
which share electrons.
They are very strong,
with low melting and
boiling points.
- Macromolecules
have giant covalent
structures. Arranged
in giant lattices, they
have very high
melting and boiling
points.
- Thermosoftening polymers
soften and can be shaped
when hot, but harden when
cooled, because they have no
cross links to hold the shape
together.
- Thermosetting
polymers cannot be
reshaped or
softened once
moulded, because
they have cross
links.
- Metals are good
conductors of electricity
because of their free
electron.
- Ionic compounds
don't conduct
electricity when in
solid form because
their lattice form
means ions cannot
move around.
- Graphite
conducts well
because of its
delocalised
electrons.
- Ionic Bonding - metal atoms lose electrons
and become positively charged. Non-metal
atoms gain electrons and become negative.
- Atoms
- The mass number is total
number of protons and
neutrons
- Atomic number is
number of protons
- Compounds are
chemically bonded
- Isotopes are different atomic
forms of the same element,
which have the same number
of protons but a different
number of neutrons
- Carbon-12 and
Carbon-14 are a pair of
isotopes
- Carbon-12 and
Carbon-14 are a pair of
isotopes
- Ions are atoms that
have lost or gained at
least one electron
- In ionic bonding metals
lose electrons to form
positive ions, non-metals
gain electrons to form
negative ions
- The mass number is total
number of protons and
neutrons
- Relative Mass and
Percentage Yield
- Relative Atomic Mass is the same as
the mass number of an element, they
are added together when there is more
than one atom
- Number of moles = mass
in g/ relative formula mass
- Percentage mass of
an element in a
compound = relative
atomic mass of that
element/relative
formula mass of the
whole compound X100
- Empirical formula is an element in its
simplest form, so list all the elements in
a compound and write their
experimental masses. Divide each
mass by the relative atomic mass for
that element. Turn the answers into a
ratio, then simplify the ratio as much as
possible
- Calculating masses in reactions
- write out the balanced equation,
work out the relative formula
mass for the parts you need,
divide to get one part then multiply
to get all
- Percentage yield compares the
actual outcome with the predicted
outcome. Percentage yield = actual
yield/predicted yield X100
- Will always be under 100%
- Will always be under 100%
- Relative Atomic Mass is the same as
the mass number of an element, they
are added together when there is more
than one atom
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