Ayman the swimmer

Ayman the swimmer

1. bones of the shoulder

   • clavicle
     • 2 surfaces
       • superior
         • smooth
       • inferior
         • rough
     • 2 ends
       • sternal end
         • rounded
       • acromial end
         • flat
   • scapula
     • 2 surfaces
       • anterior
       • posterior
     • 3 borders
       • lateral
       • medial
       • superior
     • 3 angles
       • inferior
       • lateral (glenoid)
       • superior
     • 4 fossae
       • subscapular
       • supraspinatous
       • infraspinatous
       • glenoid
     • 2 processes
       • coracoid
       • acromion
   • humerus
     • head
     • anatomical neck
       • head
     • surgical neck
       • fractures area
     • tuborisities
       • greater
       • lesser
         • bicipital groove
       • deltoid

2. tendons and ligaments

   • tendons
     • muscles to bones
   • ligaments
     • bones to bones
     • types
       • capsular
         • Thickening of the capsule
       • accessory
         • Outside the capsule
     • examples
       • At the SC joint
         • Sternoclavicular lig
         • Costoclavicular lig
       • At the shoulder joint
         • Glenohumeral lig
         • Transverse humeral lig
         • Coracohumeral lig
       • At the AC joint
         • Acromioclavicular lig
         • coracoclavicular ligs
         • Coracoacromial lig

3. Muscles of the shoulder

   • connecting upper limb to vertebral column
     • trapezius
     • latissimus dorsi
   • connecting upper limb to the thoracic wall
     • pectoralis major
     • pectoralis minor
       • origin
         • 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
       • insertion
     • subclavius
       • origin
         • 1st costal cartilage
       • insertion
     • serratus anterior
       • origin
         • Upper eight ribs
       • insertion
         • Medial border and inferior angle of scapula
   • connecting the scapula to the humerus
     • deltoid
     • rotator cuff muscles
       • supraspinatus
         • posterior to scapula
         • origin
       • infraspinatus
         • origin
       • teres minor
       • subscapularis
         • anterior to scapula
     • teres major

4. causes of shoulder pain

   • osteoarthritis
   • polymyalgia rheumatica
   • inflammation
   • damage to the bones
   • tension in the muscles

5. different types of movements

   • flexion and extension
   • Abduction
     • motion of a structure away from the midline
   • adduction
     • motion towards the center of the body
   • circumduction
     • combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
   • elevation and depression
   • rotation
   • Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion

6. Swimmer’s shoulder

   • diagnoses
     • Neers impingement test
     • Hawkins impingement test
     • Crossover impingement test
     • Radiology and imaging
       • Xrays
         • will not show a torn rotator cuff
       • ultrasound
         • observe structures during movements
       • MRI
         • the best for visualizing abnormalities
           • they show muscle, bone, connective tissue, etc
     • Hornblower’s sign test
       • tests for
         • Damage to the teres minor
       • positive result
         • inability to externally rotate
     • jobe's test
       • tests for
         • injury to supraspinatus or infraspinatus
       • positive result
         • weakness on injured side
   • Management and treatment
     • Apply ice
       • Numbs the pain
       • Reduces swelling
     • anti-inflammatory medications
     • Ergonomic adjustments
     • rest
     • Physical therapy
       • Stretches
       • strength training
       • joint stabilization exercises
     • Surgical treatment
       • subacromial decompression