Spine and Vertebral Column

Spine and Vertebral Column

1. Anatomy

   • Verterbra
   • Spinal Column
   • Joints Of The Spine
     • The Intervertebral Discs
     • Facet joints
     • Atlanto Occipital Joint
     • Atlanto Axial joints
   • Ligaments
     • Ligamentum Flavum
     • Anterior longitudinal ligament
     • Interspinous ligament
     • Intertransverse ligaments
     • Posterior longitudinal ligament
     • Supraspinous Ligament
   • Spinal Cord
   • Coverings
     • Dura Mater
     • Subdural Space
     • Subarachnoid Space
     • Arachnoid Mater
     • Pia Mater
   • Muscles Of The Back
     • Transverso-Spinalis Group
     • Erector Spinae

2. Neurological disorders

   • Degenerated Dis
   • Bulging Disc
   • Herniated DIsc
   • Thinning Disc

3. Back Pain

   • Causes
     • muscle strain
       • when the muscle is over-stretched or torn
     • lumbar sprain
       • when ligaments are stretched too far or torn
     • Degenerative Disc Disease
     • Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
     • Lumbar Herniated Disc

4. Sciatic

   • Definition
     • A compressed nerve root in the lumbar (lower) spine that irritates this nerve can cause pain, ranging from mild to severe
   • Sciatic Nerve
   • Radicular Pain
     • is a type of pain that radiates into the lower extremity directly along the course of a spinal nerve root.
   • Causes
     • irritation of the root of the lower lumbar
     • Lumbar spinal stenosis
     • Degenerative disc disease
     • Spondylolisthesis
     • Osteophytes
     • Arthritis in the spine
   • Management
     • Non-Surgical Treatment
       • Heat/Ice
       • Pain Medication
         • NSAID's
         • Muscle Relaxants
         • Narcotic Drugs
       • Epidural Steroid Injection
     • Alternative Therapy
       • Chiropractic/manual manipulation
       • Acupuncture
       • Cognitive behavior therapy
       • Massage therapy
     • Surgery
       • microdiscectomy
       • lumbar laminectomy
   • Visual Analogue Pain
     • Measures intensity of pain
   • Physical Examination
     • Inspection
     • Palpation
     • ROM

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