INTERNAL STRUCTURE FOR PROKARYOTES

INTERNAL STRUCTURE FOR PROKARYOTES

1. PLASMA MEMBRANE

   • STRUCTURE
     • phospholipid bilayer
   • FUNCTION
     • assist in DNA replication
     • carriers on respiration
     • captures energy as ATP
     • synthesizes cell wall components
     • acts as a selectively permeable barrier (FLUID MOSAIC MODEL OF MEMBRANE STRUCTURE)
       • hydrophilic : interact with water
       • hydrophobic : insoluble in water
   • MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS ACROSS MEMBRANES
     • PASSIVE
       • facilitated diffusion
       • simple diffusion
     • ACTIVE
       • active transport
       • group translocation

2. CYTOPLASM -fluid component inside the plasma membrane

   • 80% of water

3. RIBOSOMES -protein synthesis

   • -consists of 2 subunits : protein & type of RNA (rRNA)
     • small subunit : 30S
     • large subunit : 50S
   • -it can be inhibited by certain antibiotics

4. ENDOSPORE -resting structures formed by some bacteria for survival during adverse environmental conditions

   • 2 genera that commonly formed :
     • Bacillus
     • Clostridium

5. INCLUSIONS -serve as a basic of identification

   • metachromatic granules -large inclusion
     • inorganic phosphate (to be used in ATP)
   • polysaccharide granules
     • glycogen
     • starch
   • lipid inclusions -fats
   • sulphur granules -sulphur compounds
   • carboxysomes -enzyme used for carbon fixation
   • magnetosomes -iron oxide : act lie magnets
   • gas vacuoles -maintain buoyancy

6. THE NUCLEAR AREA -contains the DNA of the bacterial chromosome

   • -contain PLASMID
     • small circular, double stranded DNA
     • extrachomosomal genetic elements

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