IA3 Part 1

IA3 Part 1

1. Data Structures/Specifications

   • Data Types
     • XML
       • Specific Types
         • Boolean
         • Integer
         • Decimal
         • String
         • Duration
         • Date
         • Time
     • JSON
       • Specific Types
         • Object
         • Array
         • String
         • Number
         • Boolean
         • Null
   • Data Structures
     • Object
     • Value
       • In JSON values can be objects { "student":{"name":"Ryo", "age":17, "city":"Brisbane"} }
     • Array
       • In JSON values can be arrays { "students":["Ryo", "Matthew", "Yuvraj"] }
     • Strings
       • Strings reffering to JSON must be in double quotes {"name":"Ryo"}
     • Numbers
       • Numbers reffering to JSON must be integer or float points {"age":17}

2. Digital Methods

   • REST Principles
     • Uniform Interface
       • Indicates that the information transferred from the server is in a standard format
     • Client-Server
       • Is a design pattern that forces the separation of a client and server components
     • Stateless
       • Makes sure that each request from the client to the server has all the information required
     • Cacheable
       • Enforces that a response labels itself as cacheable or non-cacheable either implicitly or explicitly
     • Layered System
       • Is a style that creates architectural hierarchical layers that constrains component behaviour
   • Protocols
     • FTP
       • Definition
         • transfers files between 2 different hosts through the use of a TCP-based network
       • Example
         • FileZilla Client
         • Core FTP
         • CoffeeCup Free FTP
     • TCP
       • Definition
         • Transmission Control Protocol is the communications standard for transferring data through the use of network
       • Example
         • Imessage
         • Google Chat
         • Instagram
         • Whatsapp
     • HTTP
       • Definition
         • Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the base of the world wide web and is used to load webpages through hypertext links
       • Example
         • Get Requests are requests that ask for information back, typically from a website.
         • Post Requests are usually requests that allow the client to upload information to a web server. Such as filling out a form’s information, username and passwords
     • IPv4
       • Definition
         • Internet Protocol version 4 is the fourth version of the internet protocol and acts as a set of rules for communications in regards to the internet
       • Example
         • The dotted quad format where each value can be between 0 and 255. Such as 192.0.2.146 which is a correct IPv4 address
     • User Datagram Protocol
       • Definition
         • is a time-sensitive communications protocol used for applications like gaming and playing videos.
       • Example
         • Streaming Media Application
           • Youtube
           • Twitch
           • Rumble
         • Real-Time Multiplayer Games
           • Fortnite
           • Valorant
           • Rocket League
           • Roblox
   • JSON vs XML
     • Both are data serialization formats
     • Both allow you to exchange data in a standardized manner
     • JSON is readable by both humans and machines as it is an open data interchange format
     • XML on the other hand is a markup language with its own rule set that helps it read any data
   • Data Security Processes
     • Encryption
       • Definition
         • Encryption is a process where data is scrambled in such a way where only those authorised are able to read the data. [Cloudfare, 2024]
       • Examples
         • AES
         • RSA
         • CIA Triad
     • Authentication
       • Definition
         • The process of determining whether or not something is what its proposed as. (Target, What is Authentication, 2024)
       • Examples
         • CAPTCHAs
         • 2FA
         • Passwords
     • Hashing
       • Definition
         • The process of transforming a given key or string of characters into a different value. (Target, hashing, 2024)
       • Examples
         • Unique Student Roll Number

3. Data Interface Components

   • XML
     • Positives
       • Can be stored in separate data files
       • Plain text format
       • Easy to share between applications
     • Negatives
       • Generates large files
       • Not memory efficient
       • In some cases tags take up more space than actual code
     • Definition
       • XML also known as eXtensible Markup Language is a markup language much like HTML. It is designed to store, transfer data and be self-descriptive.
   • JSON
     • Positives
       • Simplicity
       • Readability
       • Easy to write
       • Easy to understand
       • human-readable format
     • Negatives
       • Does not support name spaces
         • Complex data structures are difficult to represent
       • limited data types
         • Makes representing some data difficult. (eg. dates and binary data)
     • Definition
       • JSON also known as JavaScript Object Notation is a lightweight text format used for storing and transferring data. JSON is also easy to understand.