PHONETICS - PHONOLOGY

PHONETICS - PHONOLOGY

1. Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that gives objective ways to analyze and describe the sounds which humans use in their languages. Phonetics looks the production of speech, the interaction of organs like: teeth ang tongue to produce sound.

   •    Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that gives objective ways to analyze and describe the sounds which humans use in their languages. Phonetics looks the production of speech, the interaction of organs like: teeth ang tongue to produce sound.   
   • Articulatory features
     • Articulatory phonetics are devided in three areas to describe consonants. They are voice, place and manner respectively.
       • VOICE
         • There are sounds that inply vocal fold vibrations when they are produced. Examples of voiced sounds are /b,d,v,m/.
       • PLACE
         • The vocal tract has different sections, which play a pivotal role in the production of speech. These sections are called articulators and are what make speech sounds possible. They are divided into two types.
           • The active articulator is the articulator that moves towards another articulator in the production of a speech sound. This articulator moves towards another articulator to form a closure of some type in the vocal tract.
           • The passive articulator is the articulator that remains stationary in the production of a speech sound. Often, this is the destination that the active articulator moves towards
           • PLACES OF ARTICULATION IN THE VOCAL TRACT
             • 1.Bilabial: Bilabial sounds inply the upper and lower lips. In the production of a bilabial sound, the lips come into contact with each other to form an effective constriction. In English, /p,b,m/ are bilabial sounds.
             • 2.Labiodental: the sounds are made with top teeth on the bottom lip. Some Examples are of /f,v/.
             • 4.Alveolar sounds are made by raising the tip of the tongue towards the ridge, somme examples are: d,z,n do,zoo,now
             • 5.Postalveolar sound are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants.
             • 6.Palatal, a consonant sound produced by raising the blade, or front, of the tongue toward or against the hard palate just behind the alveolar ridge (the gums).
             • 7.Velar.made by the tongue touching the velum: In English, /k/ and /g/ are examples of velar sounds.
       • MANNER
         • This refers to the way a sound is made, Sounds differ in the way they are produced.
           • Stop articulations: are sounds that imply a closure in the vocal track, it is formed when two articulators come together to prevent air escaping between them. Stop articulations are categorized in two types: Plosives which are sounds that are made with a complete closure in the oral (vocal) tract and Nasals which are made with a complete closure in the oral (vocal) tract.
           • Apporximant: sounds are created by narrowing the distance between the two articulators. English has 4 approximant sounds which are /w,j,r,l/.
           • Fricatives: These are produced by bringing the mouth into position to block the passage of the airstream.

2. Phonology describes the way how sounds and abstract sounds units work, a word can be changed in another by changing one sound, this is basically the relationship between speech sounds and components of a language.

   • DIFERENCE: The main diference betwen these is that phonetics is the study of human sounds and phonology studies the classification of the sounds within the system of lenguages
     •               DIFERENCE The main diference betwen these is that phonetics is the study of human sounds and phonology studies the classification of the sounds within the system of lenguages 
   • suprasegmental features
     • Is a speech feature such as stress, tone or word which linear elements that affect segments larger than the phoneme.
       • The acent: The intensity accent is a force with which a phoneme vowel is pronounced of each word.
       • The pauses: They are that interrupt the speech and separate some segments (phrases, phrases …) of others. This is necesary sometimes to recover air and keep talking
       • The intonation. This is the main feature and i help us to change the meaning of a sentence for intance in the next phrase: your name is Andrew-your name is Andrew? depends on the intonation the fir sentence sounds like an afirmation and the second one sounds like a question.

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