1_1_1_1_1_1_Human Development

Human Development

1. Self & identity

   • Self concept: How an individual thinks about, evaluates and perceives him or herself (Morf and Mischel,2002).
     • Real self: Who we actually are and how we perceive ourselves. E.g. how we feel and how we act (Lecture 5.1).
       • Reliable
       • Reserved
       • Flexible
       • Easily adapts to new situations
     • Possible self: An idealised image we have developed, based on knowledge and experience (Lecture 5.1).
       • Content
       • A leader
       • Emotionally stable
       • Confident
       • Achieving possible self
         • Content: Maintain close relationships
         • A leader: Set goals, work hard at something I am passionate about
         • Emotionally stable: Positive thinking, high self esteem
         • Confident: Not doubt myself, get out of my comfort zone
     • Influenced significantly by relationships and social contexts
       • Siblings
         • Development of a role model, trust, love
       • Peers
         • Trust, loyalty, confidence
       • Parents
         • Self esteem, self confidence, emotional needs, independence

2. Social context & socialisation

   • Agents/outcome of socialisation
     • My father: Teaching me to ride a bike
       • Apprenticeship method
         • Effect emerged from guided participation. Technique: Structuring, collaborating and transferring (Lecture 3.4).
           • Today, has helped build self esteem and confidence, given me assurance in own abilities and helped in working with others
     • Peers: Witnessing good behaviour (picking up rubbish)
       • Observational method
         • Effect emerged from watching and then imitating. Technique: Modelling (Lecture 3.4)
           • Today, has influenced my morals; what is acceptable/unacceptable in everyday life

3. Attachment & relationships

   • Primary attachment figure: My mother
     • Secure style of attachment with my mother
       • Trust that she would be there when required. Physical needs (Lecture 4.2).
       • Safety, reliability and predictability Cognitive/emotional needs (Lecture 4.2).
       • Balance between autonomy and returning to mother for comfort and support (Lecture 4.1).
       • Development of internal working model (Lecture 4.1).
         • Able to seek/provide support
         • Comfortable with intimacy and autonomy
         • Emotionally avaliable
   • Bowlby's distinguishing characteristics of attachment (Lecture 4.1)
     • 2) Safe Haven
     • 4) Separation distress
     • 1) Proximity Maintenance
     • 3) Secure base

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