Unit 3 ICT

Audio
1. MP3 format needs to be decoded when used, which means they do not load as quickly as some other formats.
2. Sound signals need to be converted before they can be processed by a computer because sound signals are analogue, computers are only able to process digital signals.
3. A Interface that allows a musical instrument and a computer to communicate with each other is called Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
Input/Output Devices
1. An input is data that a computer receives.
2. An output is data that a computer sends.
3. Computers only work with digital information. Any input that a computer receives must be digitised.
Analogue & Digital
1. Often data has to be converted back to an analogue format when it's output, for example the sound from a computer's speakers.
2. Computers only work with digital information. Any input that a computer receives must be digitised.
Bitmap/Vectors
Networks
1. Wide Area Network (WAN)
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
3. A computer network is a number of computers linked together to allow them to share resources. Networked computers can share hardware, software and data.
4. Bridge: Connects two similar networks e.g. two LANs
5. Gateway: Connects two dissimilar networks e.g. connects a LAN to a Wan
6. Switch: Analyses each packet of data and sends it to the computer it was intended for
Animation
1. Tweening: Process used by animation software to automatically create the in-between frames between the two key-frames of the animation sequence
2. Key Frames: Key frames are the starting and ending images of an animation sequence.
3. Onion Skinning: Onion-skinning, is an option that you can turn on that shows a range of frames from your current frame
4. FPS: A frame (state) is a single image within the complete animation sequence.
5. Persistence of Vision: The process by which the eye is fooled into thinking that still related pictures, which are shown rapidly after each other, is actually a motion picture
6. ADV: Brings a topic to life It gains the attention of the viewer Keep a young audience’s attention for longer Extend the boundaries of the physical world
7. DIS: Takes a lot of effort to create even a basic animation Need skill to use animation software If overused, can be distracting from key message Unrealistic
Verification
1. Visual Check – User carefully reads what has been typed in and compares with original data source
2. Parity Check – Ensures data sent is the same as the data received when data is transmitted from one computer to another
3. Double Keying – Checks the same data enter twice matches
Validation
1. Validation checks that data is sensible/reasonable/within stated ranges.
2. Batch Totals check meaningful data. Adds up data which is meaningful E.g. The sum of the total prices of objects in a database
3. Hash Total checks meaningless data/ adds up a total that does not make sense. E.g. The sum of peoples phone numbers
Security
1. Non-Physical Ways Access levels/Encryption/Backups/Passwords /Usernames/Monitoring the network/Anti-virus
2. Physical Ways Alarms/security locks/bars on windows/Fireproof doors/Fireproof boxes
Legal Issues
1. Computer Misuse Illegal to: Gain Unauthorised access to files stored on a computer system. Gain unauthorised access to files and use them for criminal activities Change or delete files unless authorised to do so.
2. Electronic Communications Act (2000)
3. Data Protection Act This act deals with personal data. If holding personal data you must: Store & Process data only for lawful stated purpose. Collect and process data fairly and lawfully. Keep adequate and relevant data. Meet the rights of the data subjects. Keep accurate & Up to date. Keep no longer than necessary. Keep data secure. Do not send outside of the EU
Human – Computer Interface (HCI)
1. Biometrics:
  1. ADV: Each individual has a unique biometric characteristic e.g. Finger print It is difficult to forge biometric properties They cannot be shared Reduce password administration costs Replace hard to remember passwords
  2. DIS: Very expensive If biometric finger print is stolen it cannot be changes For people affected with diabetes, the eyes get affected resulting in differences.
2. Command Line:
  1. ADV: Quicker to type a command Little memory needed Little processing power needed No need for expensive hardware Much less RAM needed A low resolution, cheaper monitor.
  2. DIS: It can be confusing if someone is new There are a large number of commands that need to be learned You can’t just guess the instruction Not suitable for a novice
3. Menu Driven:
  1. ADV: No need to learn lots of commands Ideal for beginners Little processing power needed Extremely easy to use Step-by-step options Menu interfaces done’ have to be visual, they can be spoken.
  2. DIS: Poorly designed, maybe slow Can be too many menu screens to work through Cause frustration if menus are not organised Can be tedious for experts
4. GUI (Graphical User Interface)
  1. ADV: Easy to navigate Uses windows/icons/menus/pointers Easy for novices Help guides and shortcuts for experts You do not use complicated commands Exchange data between different software applications
  2. DIS: Lots of memory Lots of processing power Slow for experts that just want to get things done More RAM needed
Control Systems
1. Good for doing certain jobs quicker and don't need as many breaks as humans. e.g robots
2. However cost a lot to repair and assembly line jobs can be lost

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	Created by Josh Shaw over 8 years ago