7.1 Ions

1. Valence e-

   Annotations:

   • Typically the only electrons used in chemical bonds.
   1. Definition
      1. Electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atoms.
   2. Relationship
      1. Group of # are related to the group #s of the periodic table
   3. Cause: Utilized in chemical bonds
      1. Effect: As a general rule, only the valence e- are displayed in e- dot structures
         1. Electron dot structures
            1. Defintion
               1. Diagrams showcasing valence e- as dots.

Annotations:

• Keep in mind, octet is a set of eight.

1. Who?
   1. Explained by Gilbert Lewis
2. What?
   1. Atoms tend to achieve the e- configuration of a noble gas
      1. When?
         1. Forming compounds
3. When?
   1. In most compound atoms

Annotations:

• Cation - positively formed ion.

1. *There are numerous significant chemical differences between metals and their cations*

1. What?
   1. An atom or a group of atoms with a negative charge
2. Halide ions
   1. Definiton
      1. The ions which are produced
         1. When?
            1. Atoms of Cl and other halogens
               1. What?
                  1. Gain electrons