Protists

Protists

Characteristics
1. Unicellular
2. Most are free living
3. Mode of nutriton
  1. Chemoheterotroh
    1. Saprophytes
    2. Osmotrophy
    3. Holozoic
  2. Photoautotrophic
  3. Mixotrophic
4. Morphology
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
    1. ectoplasm
    2. endoplasm
  3. Pellicle : support
  4. vacuoles
    1. contractile vacuole
    2. phagocytic
  5. Cillia / Flagella
  6. Energy production
    1. mitochondria
      1. aerobic chemoorganotrophic
    2. chloroplast & mitochondria
      1. photosynthethic
    3. hydrogenosomes
      1. anaerobic chemoorganotrophic
5. Reproduction
  1. Asexually
    1. Binary fission
  2. Sexually
    1. Fusion of gametes in syngamy process
Major group
1. Protozoa
  1. Unique Characteristics
    1. Colourless
    2. Unicellular, eukaryotic organism
    3. Animal-like organism
      1. No chlorophyll
      2. Lack of cell wall
    4. Most are motile
    5. Lack of fruiting body
    6. Habitats
      1. animal
      2. water
      3. soil
      4. flora
    7. Reproduction
      1. Asexually
        Fussion
        budding
        multiple fission
      2. Sexually
        conjugation/ produce gametes
    8. Mode of nutrition
      1. most are heterotrophs
        ingestion
        pinocytosis
        phagocytosis
        absorption
      2. some are aerobic growth
  2. Classification
    1. Flagellated & amoeba,single type of nucleus
      1. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
    2. Saprozoic / parasitic
      1. Phylum Labyrinthomorpha, Apicomplexa, Microsphora, Ascetophora, Myxozoa
    3. Cilliated, 2 type of nuclei
      1. Phylum Ciliophora
  3. Major group based on ways of motile
    1. Archaezoa
      1. *flagellated *move in whiplike manner *freshwater *Trypanosoma gambiense
    2. Rhizopoda
      1. *pseudopodium *ameboid movement *freshwater,marine *Amoeba proteus
    3. Ciliophora
      1. *cilia *beating cilia in a coordinating fashion *freshwater,marine *Balantidium coli
    4. Apicomplexa
      1. * passive movement *Plasmodium vivax, Toxoplasma
2. Algae
  1. Unique Characteristics
    1. Unicellular, colonial
    2. Eukaryotic organism
    3. Photoautorophic: has chlorophyll
    4. Lack of vascular conducting system
    5. Habitat
      1. aquatic
      2. moist soil
      3. acidic medium
    6. Cell wall
      1. made up of *cellulose fibril *polysaccharide *calcium carbonate *chitin/silica
      2. absent
    7. Motility
      1. motile: has flagella
      2. immotile
    8. Distribution
      1. Planktonic
      2. Benthic
      3. Neustonic
      4. Terrestrial
    9. Reproduction
      1. Asexually
        Fragmentation
        spores
        binary fission
      2. Sexually
        Fussion of sperma and eggs
  2. Roles
    1. provide habitat for marine life
    2. human food: sushi
    3. food base for marine: marcoscopic form
    4. Alginic acid from brown alga: stabilizing, thickening, emulsifying process
    5. Carrageenan from red algae: similar to agar
    6. primary producer of the ocean
    7. diatomaceous earth for filter/poishing compund

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	Created by nazihah nasri over 8 years ago