42145
Description
Mind Map by Shauna Lake, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Shauna Lake
about 11 years ago
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Homeostasis
- Control of
Body
temperature
- Temperature is controlled differently in
Ectotherms and Endotherms
- Ectotherms e.g. reptiles, fish
- Can't control their body temperature
internally - they control their temperature by
changing their changing their behaviour
e.g. basking in the sun.
- Their internal temperature depends on
the external temperature (their
surroundings).
- Their activity level depends on the
external temperature - they're more active
at higher temperatures and less active at
lower temperatures.
- They have a variable metabolic
rate and they generate very little
heat themselves.
- Can't control their body temperature
internally - they control their temperature by
changing their changing their behaviour
e.g. basking in the sun.
- Ectotherms e.g. reptiles, fish
- Endotherms e.g. mammals, birds.
- Control their body temperature internally
by homeostasis. They can control their
temperature by behaviour e.g. finding
shade.
- Their internal temperature is
less affected by the external
temperature (within certain
limits).
- Their activity level is largely independent
of the external temperature - they can be
active at any temperature (within certain
limits).
- They have a constantly high
metabolic rate and they generate a
lot of heat from metabolic reactions.
- Control their body temperature internally
by homeostasis. They can control their
temperature by behaviour e.g. finding
shade.
- Mammals have
many mechanisms
to change body
temperature.
- Mechanisms to
REDUCE body
temperature.
- Sweating - more sweat is secreted
from sweat glands when the body's too
hot. The water in sweat evaporates
from the skin and takes heat from the
body.
- Hairs lie flat -
Erector pili muscles
relax so the hairs lie
flat. Less air is
trapped, so the skin
is less insulated and
heat can be lost
more easily
- Vasodilation - Arterioles near the
surface of the skin dilate. More
blood flows through the capillaries at
the skin surface. Lose heat by
radiation.
- Sweating - more sweat is secreted
from sweat glands when the body's too
hot. The water in sweat evaporates
from the skin and takes heat from the
body.
- Mechanisms to INCREASE body temperature.
- Shivering - Muscles contract spontaneously,
making the body shiver so, more heat is
produced from increased respiration.
- Less sweat - Less sweat secreted
from sweat glands, reducing the
amount of heat loss.
- Hairs stand up -Erector pili
muscles contract, making the
hairs stand up and trap a
layer of air, which insulates
the skin, preventing heat loss.
- Shivering - Muscles contract spontaneously,
making the body shiver so, more heat is
produced from increased respiration.
- Mechanisms to
REDUCE body
temperature.
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