423588
GSCE
SCIENCE C5
- Chemical in the Atmosphere
- Oxygen 21%
- Nitrogen 78%
- Argon 1%
- Carbon Dioxide 0.04
- Molecules are substances with low melting and boiling points.
Atoms within the molecules are held together by strong forces
however the force between the different molecules is weak.
- Oxygen 21%
- Chemicals in the Hydrosphere
- The hydrosphere is made
up of oceans, seas, lakes,
rivers and puddles...
- The hydrosphere contains ionic
compounds that are dissolved in
water
- Ionic Compounds are made
of charged particles called
ions
- Ions with opposite charges
are attracted to each other
creating a giant lattice
structure
- There are strong bonds
called ionic bonds that
hold ions together
- Ionic compounds have a high
melting and boiling point making
them solids at room temperature
- Most ionic compounds in the
hydrosphere are salts like Sodium
Chloride.
- When dissolved in water they can conduct
electricity, because the ions are free to
move
- Ions with opposite charges
are attracted to each other
creating a giant lattice
structure
- Ionic Compounds are made
of charged particles called
ions
- The hydrosphere is made
up of oceans, seas, lakes,
rivers and puddles...
- Chemicals in the Lithosphere
- The Lithosphere is made up of the outer crust and mantle
- Made up of a mixture of minerals
containing silicon, oxygen and aluminium
- The Lithosphere is made up of the outer crust and mantle
- Reactions between different types of elements
produces compounds with different bonding and
structure
- Two metals
- Compound has ionic bonding
and a metallic structure
- Compound has ionic bonding
and a metallic structure
- A metal and a non metal
- Compound has Ionic
Bonding and a giant ionic
lattice structure
- Ionic bonding occurs when the the elements
loose or gain electrons in order to have a full
outer shell
- Ionic bonding occurs when the the elements
loose or gain electrons in order to have a full
outer shell
- Compound has Ionic
Bonding and a giant ionic
lattice structure
- Two non metals
- Compound has covalent bonding
and a simple molecular structure
- Covalent Bonding means sharing
electrons and non metals share electrons
in order to have a full outer shell
- All non metal reactions result in a simple molecular structure
with the exception of SILICON DIOXIDE, GRAPHITE and
DIAMOND. These three form Giant Covalent Structures.
- Carbon atoms in diamond form four covalent
bonds in a very rigid structure making diamond
the hardest natural substance.
- Despite being made of the same element, graphite's properties are very different. Carbon
atoms in it form three covalent bonds creating sheets or layers of carbon atoms which can
slide over each other. This is why graphite is slippery and often used as a lubricant
- Carbon atoms in diamond form four covalent
bonds in a very rigid structure making diamond
the hardest natural substance.
- Covalent Bonding means sharing
electrons and non metals share electrons
in order to have a full outer shell
- Compound has covalent bonding
and a simple molecular structure
- Two metals
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