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437898
Frontal lobes
Description
PSYB65 Mind Map on Frontal lobes, created by andreaarose on 13/12/2013.
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psyb65
psyb65
Mind Map by
andreaarose
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
andreaarose
almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Frontal lobes
Anatomy of the frontal lobes
Constitute 20% of the neocortex
Subdivisions
Motor
Area 4
Premotor
Areas 6, 8
Premotor cortex
Lateral area 6
Supplementary motor cortex
Medial area 6
Frontal eye field
Area 8
Supplementary eye field
Area 8A
Prefrontal cortex
Area of frontal lobe that receives input from the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus
Divisions
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Inferior frontal cortex
Medial frontal cortex
Connections of the motor and premotor areas
Motor cortex
Projects to spinal motor neurons, cranial nerves that control the face
Projects to the basal ganglia and the red nucleus
Premotor
Projections to the motor cortex
Projections to the spinal cord
Receives projections from parietal areas PE and PF
Receives projections from dorsolateral prefrontal area
Eye fields
Receive from PG and the superior colliculus
Connections of the prefrontal areas
End of dorsal and ventral streams of visual input
Dorsolateral prefrontal area
Reciprocal connections with the posterior parietal and STS
Extensive connections with the cingulate cortex, basal ganglia and superior colliculus
Receives input from dopaminergic cells in tegmentum
Orbital frontal cortex
Receives from the temporal lobe, amygdala, gustatory cortex, somatosensory cortex, olfactory cortex, dopaminergic cells in tegmentum
Projects to hypothalamus and amygdala
Frontal lobe function
Planning and selection
Persistence and ignoring distracting stimuli
Memory for what you have already done
Executive functions
Responds to both internal, external and context cues
Functions of the premotor cortex
Selects movements to be executed
Functions to choose behaviour in response to external cues
An increase in activity in the premotor cortex is seen when cues become associated with movement
Functions of the prefrontal cortex
Controls cognitive processes so that appropriate movements are selected at the correct time
Internal cues
Temporal memory
Memory for what has just happened
External cues
Feedback about rewarding properties of stimuli
Orbital frontal cortex
Learning by association
Context cues
Orbital ftontal
Social interactions
Autonoetic awareness
Self knowledge
Asymmetry of the frontal lobes
Left
Language
Encoding memories
Right
Retrieving memories
Non verbal movements, facial expression
Symptoms of frontal lobe lesions
Disturbances of motor function
Loss of fine movements, speed and strength
Appears after damage to the primary motor cortex
Loss of movements programming
Damage to the premotor or dorsolateral cortex
Changes in voluntary gaze
Damage to the frontal eye fields
Speech problems
Damage to Broca's area
Agrammatism
Damage to the supplementary motor cortex
Mute
Convergent vs. divergent thinking
Convergent thinking
Only one answer to the question
Divergent thinking
Questions that ask for a variety of responses
Frontal lobe patients are impaired on divergent thinking
Loss of behavioural spontaneity
Decreased verbal fluency
Decreased design fluency
Reduction in general behaviour
Increased perseveration
Inability to form a strategy
Larger deficit when completing novel tasks
Loss of response inhibition
The Stroop test
The Wisconsin card sorting task
Deficits in self regulation
Take more risks
Iowa gambling task
Appears after damage to the orbitofrontal cortex
Loss of associative learning
Inability to select from competing responses
Impaired social and sexual behaviour
Phineas Gage
Changes in personality
Pseudodepression
Lesions of left frontal lobe
Outward apathy, indifference, loss of initiative
Reduced sexual interest, little or no verbal output
Pseudopsychopathy
Lesions of the right frontal lobe
Immature behaviour, lack of tact and restraint
Promiscuous sexual behaviour
Coarse language, lack of social graces, increased motor activity
Deficits in social and sexual behaviour
Orbitofrontal lesions
Reduces inhibitions with abnormal sexual behaviour
Leads to deficits in identifying facial expressions
Dorsolateral lesions
Reduce interest in sexual behaviour
Spatial deficits
May be a role for the frontal lobe in selective visual locations
Symptoms associated with damage to the frontal facial area
Sensory and motor functions of the face are preserved after damage
Left - loss of verbal fluency
Right - loss of design fluency
Diseases affecting the frontal lobe
Schizophrenia
Abnormality in the mesocortical dopaminergic projection
Decrease in blood flow to the frontal lobes and frontal lobe atrophy
Parkinson's disease
Loss of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra that project to the prefrontal cortex
Korsakoff's
Alcohol induced damage to the dorsomedial thalamus and a deficiency in the frontal lobe catecholamines
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