Acids & Bases

Annotations:

• Chapters 24 & 28

1. Acids
   1. laboratory acids
      1. hydrochloric acid (HCl)
      2. sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
   2. turns litmus from blue to red
   3. neutralisers
      1. baking soda
      2. dock leaves
2. Bases
   1. laboratory bases
      1. sodium hydroxide - caustic soda (NaOH)
      2. calcium hydroxide - limewater (Ca(OH)2)
   2. turns litmus from red to blue
   3. neutralisers
      1. vinegar
3. pH scale
   1. acid at the bottom
   2. bases at the top
   3. indicator is litmus
4. Acid Rain
   1. ph of <5.5
   2. Problems :
      1. kills fish
      2. harms trees
      3. damages limestone