Mind map
Clotting and AntiThrombotic Therapy

Mind map: Clotting and antithrombotic therapy
Map content
Clotting and AntiThrombotic Therapy
Normal Clotting and Anticoag Processes
- Primary Hemostasis
- primary hemostasis bleeding disorders
- Von Willebrand Factor Disease
- Anti platelet Drugs
- COX-1 inhibitor
- PDE inhibitor
- ADP antagonist
- GP 2b 3a antagonist
- primary hemostasis bleeding disorders
- Secondary Hemostasis
- secondary hemostasis bleeding disorders
- Hemophilia
- Key Thing to Know: Vitamin K dependent Proteins
- • II, VII, IX and X are vitamin K dependent – So are the anticoagulants Protein C and S • Produced in hepatocytes initially as precursors • Glutamic acid residues (within the GLA domain) are carboxylated to gamma carboxy glutamic acid by a vitamin K dependent carboxylase • Gamma carboxy glutamic acids are necessary for interaction with platelet membranes & Ca++ • No vitamin K no gamma carboxy glutamic acids no membrane bound coagulation factor complexes
- Anticoagulation Drugs
- Vit K antagonist
- secondary hemostasis bleeding disorders
- Natural Anticoag System
- Anticoagulation Drugs
- Enter text here
- Anticoagulation Drugs
- Fibrinolytic System
- Fibrinolytic Drugs
- tPA
- Streptokinase
- Key Components
- Fibrin clot Plasminogen & plasmin Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) Fibrin degradation products including D‐dimers Alpha‐2 antiplasmin Plasminogen activator inhibitor
- Fibrinolytic Drugs
- Primary Hemostasis
Key Clinical Tests to Know
- D Dimer
- • ↑ DD indicates clotting activity “normal” DD would rule out the presence of any significant clot, ie … • Pulmonary embolus • DVT **Requires a highly sensitive assay**
- Mixing Studies
- Use: Is a prolongation due to factor deficiency or inhibitor? • Basis: 50% of any factor is sufficient for normal clotting • Procedure: Mix equal amounts of normal and patient plasma repeat test • Interpretation: – If the PT/PTT corrects into the normal range than the prolongation was due to a factor deficiency – If not, the prolongation is due to an inhibitor in the patient’s plasma that is interfering with clot formation (factor specific antibody, lupus anticoagulant, heparin)
- PTT
- Evaluates the intrinsic pathway • All elements involved are intrinsic to the circulation … ie, no TF • Used for monitoring of unfractionated heparin Specimen collected in citrate to remove Ca++ • Patient’s platelets removed by centrifugation • Silica is added to the specimen along with Ca++ and phospholipids previously removed … t0 – Phospholipids ‐ TF = partial thromboplastin
- PT
- • Evaluates the extrinsic pathway • Initiated by TF which is extrinsic to the circulation • Specimen collected in citrate to remove Ca++ • Patient’s platelets removed by centrifugation • TF is added to the specimen along with Ca++ and phospholipids previously removed … t0 – Phospholipids + TF = thromboplastin
- INR
- • TF reagents are variably thrombogenic • INR was devised to standardize the PT results across labs • Developed to facilitate warfarin management – Your patient returns to Connecticut from winter in Florida • Each batch of manufactured TF is assigned an ISI (International Sensitivity Index) • ISI value indicates how the batch of TF compares to an internationally standardized sample • INR = an equation you don’t need to know • Normal INR ≈ 1; typical therapeutic INR ≈ 2‐3 – The average INR of FFP (fresh frozen plasma) is 1.5
- D Dimer
Bad Clot Formation!!!
- What is Virchow's Triad? alteration in blood flow -stasis/turbulence endothelial injury-collagen and TF alterations in composition of blood (pro and anti coag)
Information
- Description
- Cardiology Mind Map on Clotting and AntiThrombotic Therapy, created by skarimi423 on 26/12/2013.
- Created by
- skarimi423
- Views
- 71
- Tags
- Rating