CALLA Instructional Approaches

PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE
1. Physical & Mental Procedures/ Reading & Writing
  1. The mind's storage system for how things are physical & mental
    1. ELLs need to learn procedures in content areas
      1. Teacher can provide extensive hands on & interactive experiences for ELLs
BALANCED READING APPROACH
PROCESS WRITING: writing involves thinking, reflection, & multiple revision
1. Questioning, collaborative learning, Elaboration
LANGUAGE EXPERIENCE APPROACH
1. What can be said can be written down, what is written can be written down can be written
  1. Prior knowledge is a bridge to new ideas & concepts
DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE
1. Things we can declare
  1. The mind's storage system for facts and information
    1. ELLs need content based curriculum that builds on prior knowledge & skills.
      1. ELLs need a curriculum that assist them developing abilities to use English to solve problems and develop high-order concepts at appropriate grade & achievement level
APPROACHES and METHODOL0GIES
1. Dominant Approaches to L2 Instruction
  1. Grammatical Approach
    1. Teacher-centered in providing L2 instruction
      1. Drill & practice
      2. Rote memorization
      3. Dialogue memorization
      4. Repetition
        Mnemonics
        Kinetics
    2. Memorizing language rules & sentence patterns
    3. More emphasis on reading, writing, & grammar development
      1. Minimal use of L1
    4. Behaviorism
    5. Direct method
  2. Cognitive Approach
    1. L2 instruction that is the product of efforts to examine and analyze the cognitive psychological side of learning,, language, instruction
      1. KWL chart
      2. Word Wall
      3. Outlines/ Graphic Organizers
      4. Questioning
    2. Language learners use language to communicate for a purpose
    3. CALLA method
      1. Cooperative learning
      2. Explicit LS instruction
      3. MaximizingContent & language objectives
    4. Cognitive - Psychological
    5. Piaget
  3. Communicative Approach
    1. Research -and Theory - based Approach
      1. Focus on learning language throughs & for communication
        Connected to ICB & Sheltered Instruction
        Visuals
        Guarded Vocabulary
        Cooperative Learning
        Hands on activities
        Big Books
        Manipulatives/ Realia
    2. Social Constructivism
    3. Vygotsky
    4. Student Centered
2. Methodologies
  1. Integrated Content-Based Method (ICB)
    1. Collaborative Learning
    2. Communicative Approach
    3. Emphasizes L2 development
      1. Emphasize on content & language integration
    4. Listening, Speaking, Reading, & Writing
      1. Multiple Grouping
        Graphic Organizer
        Visual
  2. Sheltered Instruction
    1. SIOP
    2. SDAIE
    3. Inquiry Approach
      1. "Extracting meaning from experience
    4. Communicative Approach
    5. Cooperative Learning
      1. Graphics/Realia, Illustrations, Visual
        Guarded Vocabulary
3. Chamot, A.(2009). The CALLA Handbook:Implementing the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach
4. Herrera, S. & Murry K. (2016). Mastering ESL/ELL Methods:Differentiated Instruction forCulturally & Linguistically Diverse Students
Literacy Across the Curriculum: reading & writing in content areas
Standard-Based Instruction
1. Based on language & content objectives
Cognitive-Social Approach
Focus on higher order of thinking skills
Content, Academic language development, & Learning strategies

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CALLA Instructional Approaches

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	Created by Shona Fletcher about 8 years ago