Musculoskeletal system and joints

Musculoskeletal system and joints

1. Functions, Storage, support (skeleton), leverage (bone moving), protection (internal organs), RBC formation (bone marrow)

2. Joint= point of contact between 2 bones.

3. Different types of joints, Fibrous, Cartilaginous and Synovial joints.

   • Fibrous joints from skull, 0 movement

4. Synarthrosis, Non moving joint, fixed to bone

   • Amphiarthrosis, small movement (pelvis).
     • Diarthrosis, fully move (knee and elbow)

5. Syndesmosis, Ligament material between 2 bones (forearm)

6. Gomphosis, Ligament securing connection between ball and socket joint, (teeth)

7. Synchondroses, has epiphyseal plate, made of strong flexi cartilage. allow small movement and are temp

8. Symphyses, joint between 1st rib and sternum, found in intervertebral discs and made of cartilage.

9. Synovial joint, joint capsule, membrane removes fluid filling in capsule,fluid is lubricant and gives freedom

   • Bursa, reduce friction and be shock absorber.

10. Movement types, 1.Glide (slide past eachother), 2. Angular (move like 90degress), 3.Circumduction (round movement), 4.Rotation (360degree)

11. Types of joints, 1.Gliding (Multiaxial, i.e. wrist and ankle) 2. Hinge joint (Monoaxial, i.e. Knee and elbox), 3.Pivot joint (Monoaxial and rotation), 4.Elipsoidal (Biaxial Wrists)

    • 5.Saddle joint (Biaxial Thumb), 6. Ball and socket joint (Triaxial, Shoulder&hip)

12. Types of movements, Angular; flexion= bend arm to you and extend arm= Extension, More extension than possible= hyperextension

    • Arms away from body on sides= Abduction, Move arms down towards body =Adduction
      • Doing a cowboy rope throw = circumduction
        • Supination= Palm up and Pronation = palm down
          • Inversion= Toe moves in and Eversion= Toe moves out
            • Jaw retraction= Pull back and Protraction= Forward
              • Jaw movement, Elevation= up and depression=down. Head lateral Flexion, Dorsiflexion=foot moving up and planar flexion = foot moving down.