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491809
Cardiovascular Disease
Description
A-level Biology Mind Map on Cardiovascular Disease, created by joejthomas on 18/01/2014.
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biology
biology
a-level
Mind Map by
joejthomas
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
joejthomas
over 10 years ago
308
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Resource summary
Cardiovascular Disease
Aneurysm (saccular)
Atheroma plaque weakens arteries & increases blood pressure
Blood travels through artery at high pressure
Pushes inner layers through outer elastic layer of the artery
Balloon-like swelling
This can burst causing Haemorrhage
Thrombosis
Atheroma plaque can rupture endothelium
Damages artery wall
leaves a rough surface
Platelets and fibrin build up at the site
Blood clot (Thrombus)
Complete blockage
Dislodged and end up elsewhere
Debris from clot can cause more clots
Atheroma
Artery wall made of multiple layers
Endothelium (inner lining) - Smooth
If damage occurs to Endothelium, lipids and white blood cells clump together to form 'fatty streaks'
Over time, this continues. Connective tissue builds up, this hardens to form fibrous plaque
Atheroma
Partial blockage of Lumen
Restricts blood flow
Blood pressure may increase
Myocardial Infarction
Coronary arteries supply heart
Oxygen for respiration
Myogenic Muscle
If a coronary artery becomes blocked, it receives no oxygen
Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
Chest pain
Sweating
Short of Breath
Risk Factors
Cholestrol
<240mg/100cm3
One of the main products that lead to atheromas
Blood clots could block coronary arteries
Smoking
CO bonds with haemoglobin
Less oxygen
reduces antioxidants in blood
Hypertension
Increases risk of damage to artery walls
Atheroma
Obesity
Alcohol
Lack of exercise
Genetic & controlled
Genetic predisposition
e.g. Diabetes
heart arrhythmias
Media attachments
atheroma_zoom1 (image/jpg)
PE-AneurUnruptured_Figure2a (image/jpg)
deep-vein-thrombosis (image/jpg)
heartattack (image/png)
heart-attack-factors.gif (image/gif)
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