Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Prevention

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Prevention

1. PRIMARY PREVENTION: Aims to prevent disease or injury before it occurs. Done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause injury, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease or injury, and increasing resistance to disease or injury should exposure occur.

2. SECONDARY PREVENTION: Aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. This is done by detecting and treating disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress, encouraging personal strategies to prevent re-injury or recurrence, and implementing programs to return people to their original health and function to prevent long-term prolems

   • Regular exams and screening tests to detect disease in its earliest stages ( e.g Mammograms to detect breast cancer)
     • daily, low dose aspirins and/or diet and excercise programs to prevent further heart attacks or strokes.
       • Suitably modified work so injured or ill workers can return safely to their jobs.

3. TERTIARY PREVENTION: Aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. This is done by helping people manage long-term, often-complex health problems and injuries (e.g. chronic diseases, permanent impairments) in order to improve as much as possible their ability to function, their quality of life and their life- expectancy.

   • Examples: cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management programs (e.g. for diabetes, arthritis, depression, etc.)
     • Support groups that allow members to share strategies for living well.
       • Vocational rehabilitation programs to retrain workers for new jobs when they have recovered as much as possible.

4. ATI: One booth focus on primary & secondary PREVENTION ACTIONS of COLORECTAL CANCER. The nurse should provide information on?

   • "Importance of colonoscopy screening starting at age 50"
     • e.e of PRIMARY PREVENTION. Dietary teaching to prevent colorectal cancer is considered primary revention (an action to prevent the development of a disease), However this infomation is inaccurate. Cruciferous vegtables, including broccoli and cauliflower, are associated with improved bowel health a decreased CANCER RISK
       • NOT THE ANSWER
     • R: Screening exams for colorectal cancer are considered secondary prevention (early detection of disease). While it is recommended that some high-risk clients have a colonoscopy before age 50, most clients should have a baseline colonscopy done at age 50.
       • E.G OF SECONDARY PREVENTION (Early detection of disease)

5. e.g of TERTIARY. "New types of ostomy appliances available. R: An action to minimize the effects of long-term disease or disability).

6. NOT THE ANSWER:

   • "Prevention & treatment of constipation"
     • Although constipation can be a manifestation of colorectal cancer, it is most commonly ASSOCIATED WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS, including, poor diet habits and lack of excercise.