580865
Description
Mind Map by sian.allison, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sian.allison
about 10 years ago
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Evolution
- Theory of evolution: More than 3
billion years ago life on earth
began as simple organisms from
which all the more complex
organisms evolved
- All organisms are related even if only distantly
- Evolutionary relationships
- Species with similar characteristics
often have similar genes because
they share a recent common ancestor
so they are closely related
- Occasionally genetically
different species might look
alike to e.g. dolphins and
sharks look alike because
they live in the same habitat
- Evolutionary trees
show common
ancestors and
relationships between
organisms
- Species with similar characteristics
often have similar genes because
they share a recent common ancestor
so they are closely related
- Ecological relationships
- If we see organisms in the same
environment with similar
characteristics it suggests that
they may be in competition
- Differences between
organisms in the same
environment can show predator
prey relationships
- If we see organisms in the same
environment with similar
characteristics it suggests that
they may be in competition
- Evolutionary relationships
- Natural selection explains how evolution occurs
- Charles darwin
- 1. individuals within
a species show
variation because of
the differences in
their genes
- 2. Individuals with characteristics
that make them better adapted to the
environment have a better chance of
survival and so are more likely to
breed succesfully
- 3. So the genes that are responsible for the useful characteristics are more likely to be passed on to the next generation
- 3. So the genes that are responsible for the useful characteristics are more likely to be passed on to the next generation
- 2. Individuals with characteristics
that make them better adapted to the
environment have a better chance of
survival and so are more likely to
breed succesfully
- Charles darwin
- Evolution can occur due to mutations
- 1. A mutation is a change in an organisms DNA
- 2. Most of the time
mutations have no effect
but occasionally they can
be beneficial by producing
useful characteristics.
- 3. If so the beneficial mutation is
more likely to survive to be passed on
to future generations by natural
selection
- 4. Over time the beneficial mutation will accumulate in a population
- 4. Over time the beneficial mutation will accumulate in a population
- 3. If so the beneficial mutation is
more likely to survive to be passed on
to future generations by natural
selection
- 2. Most of the time
mutations have no effect
but occasionally they can
be beneficial by producing
useful characteristics.
- 1. A mutation is a change in an organisms DNA
- Not everyone agreed with Darwin
- It went against all common
religious beliefs about how life
on earth developed it was the
first plausible explanation for our
own existence without the need
for a god
- Darwin couldnt give a good explanation for
why these new useful characteristics
appeared or exactly how individual organisms
passed on their beneficial characteristics to
their offspring
- There wasnt enough evidence
to convince many scientists
because not many other
studies had been done into
how organisms change over
time
- It went against all common
religious beliefs about how life
on earth developed it was the
first plausible explanation for our
own existence without the need
for a god
- Lamarck had different ideas
- Lamarck argued that if a
characteristic was used a
lot by an organism then it
would become more
developed during its lifetime
- Lamarck believed that these acquired
characteristics would be passed on to
the next generation
- Lamarck argued that if a
characteristic was used a
lot by an organism then it
would become more
developed during its lifetime
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