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Higher Chemistry - Unit 2

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Mind Map on Higher Chemistry - Unit 2, created by Matthew Orr on 03/13/2014.
Matthew Orr
Mind Map by Matthew Orr, updated more than 1 year ago
Matthew Orr
Created by Matthew Orr about 11 years ago
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Higher Chemistry - Unit 2
  1. Section 5 - Hydrocarbons and Fuels
    1. Name and Structure
      1. Branched
        1. Alkynes
          1. Cycloalkanes
            1. Alkenes
              1. Alkanes
              2. Addition Reactions
                1. Hydrogenation
                  1. +H2
                  2. Hydration
                    1. +H2O
                    2. Test for unsaturation
                      1. +Br2
                      2. Halide atoms
                        1. H-X
                      3. CFCs
                        1. Destroy Ozone layer
                          1. Ozone (O3)
                            1. Absorbs UV rays
                          2. From old fridges and aerosols
                          3. Renewable Fuels
                            1. Hydrogen
                              1. Alcohols
                                1. Advantages
                                  1. Disadvantages
                                  2. Biogas
                                    1. CH4
                                  3. Aromatics
                                    1. Benzene
                                      1. Structure
                                        1. C6H6
                                        2. Properties
                                          1. Saturated
                                            1. Increases octane no.
                                              1. Carcinogenic
                                                1. Does not conduct electricity
                                            2. Petrol
                                              1. Blend of hydrocarbons
                                                1. Hydrocracking
                                                  1. Reforming
                                                    1. Octane no.
                                                      1. Branched
                                                        1. Cyclic
                                                          1. Aromatic
                                                      2. Section 6 - Alcohols and Carbonyls
                                                        1. Diols
                                                          1. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
                                                            1. Ethanol
                                                              1. Uses
                                                                1. Production
                                                                  1. Fermentation
                                                                    1. From ethene
                                                                  2. Alkanol family
                                                                    1. Uses
                                                                      1. Propeties
                                                                        1. Structures
                                                                        2. Oxidation Reactions
                                                                          1. Tertiary do not oxidise
                                                                            1. Secondary
                                                                              1. Ketone
                                                                                1. None
                                                                              2. Primary
                                                                                1. Aldehyde
                                                                                  1. Carboxylic acid
                                                                              3. Reagents
                                                                                1. Tollen's Reagent
                                                                                  1. Silver mirror
                                                                                  2. Acidified Potassium Dichromate
                                                                                    1. Orange to blue
                                                                                    2. Fehling's Reagent
                                                                                      1. Blue to brick-red
                                                                                      2. Hot Copper Oxide
                                                                                        1. Black to brown
                                                                                    3. Section 7 - Esters, Oils and Fats
                                                                                      1. Soaps
                                                                                        1. Making soaps from fatty acids
                                                                                          1. Alkaline hydrolysis
                                                                                            1. NaOH
                                                                                        2. Oils and Fats
                                                                                          1. Structure (glycerol)
                                                                                            1. Properties
                                                                                              1. Saturated or unsaturated
                                                                                            2. Esters
                                                                                              1. Naming
                                                                                                1. Making (PPA)
                                                                                                  1. Structure
                                                                                                    1. Functional group
                                                                                                      1. Breaking
                                                                                                        1. Hydrolysis
                                                                                                    2. Section 8 - Polymers
                                                                                                      1. Protein Structure
                                                                                                        1. Fibrous
                                                                                                          1. Helix
                                                                                                            1. Sheet
                                                                                                            2. Globular
                                                                                                            3. Enzymes
                                                                                                              1. Optimum pH = 7-9
                                                                                                                1. Optimum temperature = 37
                                                                                                                  1. Lock and key
                                                                                                                    1. Outside optimum conditions, enzymes are denatured
                                                                                                                    2. Proteins
                                                                                                                      1. Broken up by hydrolysis
                                                                                                                        1. Condensation polymers
                                                                                                                          1. Contain an -NH2 + -COOH group
                                                                                                                            1. Made up of amino acid monomers
                                                                                                                              1. Analysed with chromatography
                                                                                                                              2. Condensation Polymers
                                                                                                                                1. Starch
                                                                                                                                  1. Glucose
                                                                                                                                  2. Polyesters
                                                                                                                                    1. Diol + Diacid
                                                                                                                                    2. Polyamides
                                                                                                                                      1. Nylon
                                                                                                                                        1. Diamine + Diacid
                                                                                                                                          1. Contain a peptide link
                                                                                                                                        2. Specialised Polymers
                                                                                                                                          1. Biopol
                                                                                                                                            1. Polyester
                                                                                                                                              1. Biodegradable
                                                                                                                                                1. Surgical stitches
                                                                                                                                                2. Bakelite
                                                                                                                                                  1. Thermosetting
                                                                                                                                                    1. Cross-linked
                                                                                                                                                    2. Polyvinylcarbazole
                                                                                                                                                      1. Addition
                                                                                                                                                        1. Photoconducting
                                                                                                                                                          1. Photocopiers
                                                                                                                                                          2. Kevlar
                                                                                                                                                            1. Bulletproof vests
                                                                                                                                                              1. Loss of HCl but still condensation
                                                                                                                                                              2. Polyethenol
                                                                                                                                                                1. Ester exchange
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Surgical stitches
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Polyethyne
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Addition
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Conducts electricity
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