Organic reagents and their reactions

Organic Reactions
1. Bonds are broken in bond fission
2. Covalent bond can be broken
  1. Homolytic fission
    1. Each bonded atom takes one of the shared pair of electron
    2. Each atom has an unpaired electron(radical)
      1. Two species of the same type are produced
  2. Heterolytic fission
    1. One of the bonded atoms takes both of the shared pair of electrons
    2. Two ions are produced
      1. Atom that takes both shared electrons becomes an anion
      2. Atom that doesn't take the shared electron becomes a cation
Nucleophile
1. is a reactant that attacks an electron deficient carbon atom, donating an electron pair
2. are often negative ions with a lone pair of electrons
3. often include an electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons and a delta- partial charge
Electrophile
1. is a reactant that attack an area of high electron density,accepting an electron pair
2. are often positive ions
3. Some molecules can act as electrophiles,these often include and atom with a delta+ partial charge
Addition reactions
1. two reactants combine to make one product
2. a molecule is added across the double bond of an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule
Substitution reactions
1. an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms
Elimination reactions
1. one reactant reacts to form two products
2. a molecule from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule

Resource summary

	Created by Chris Osmundse over 11 years ago