64128
Description
Mind Map by Peter Nelson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Peter Nelson
about 11 years ago
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Oxidation of
Alcohols by
dichromate(VI) ions
- Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols can be
distinguished by the products of the reaction with
warm acidified potassium dichromate(VI)
- dichromate ions act as oxidising
agents and are therefore reduced to
chromate ions which are green
- If oxidation reaction occurs, colour change
observed from orange to green
- use [O] to represent the oxidising agent
- dichromate ions act as oxidising
agents and are therefore reduced to
chromate ions which are green
- PRIMARY
- aldehyde (distillation)
- Carboxylic Acid (reflux)
- Carboxylic Acid (reflux)
- aldehyde (distillation)
- TERTIARY
- X
- X
- SECONDARY
- Ketone
- X
- X
- Ketone
- Chemical Tests
for Aldehydes and
Ketones
- Tollens' Reagent
- contains silver nitrate
(AgNO3) dissolved in
ammonia (NH3)
- In presence of Aldehydes silver ions
reduced to silver metal and leave silver
mirror on tube
- Aldehyde is oxidised to carboxylic acid
- In presence of Aldehydes silver ions
reduced to silver metal and leave silver
mirror on tube
- contains silver nitrate
(AgNO3) dissolved in
ammonia (NH3)
- Fehling's Solution
- Contains blue copper (II)
ions (Cu2+).
- In presence
of aldehydes
Cu2+ ions
are reduced
to Cu+ ions.
- Observation is a formation of a brick red
precipitate of Cu2O (copper(I)oxide)
- Aldehyde is oxidised to
a carboxylic acid
- In presence
of aldehydes
Cu2+ ions
are reduced
to Cu+ ions.
- Contains blue copper (II)
ions (Cu2+).
- NO REACTION WITH KETONES
- Tollens' Reagent
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