Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bonding

Can be represented by a straight line or dot - and - cross diagram
1. Each line represents a shared pair of electrons
2. Dot - and - cross diagrams
  1. Only need to show the electrons in the highest occupied energy level
Some of the properties of molecules that are formed in this way
When two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons
The electrons involved are in the highest occupied energy levels - or outer shells - of the atoms
An atom that shares one or more of its electrons will complete its highest occupied energy level
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Substances with covalent bonds often form molecules with low melting and boiling points
Atoms may form multiple covalent bonds, that is, share not just one pair of electrons but two or more pairs
1. Atoms of different elements will form either one, two, three or four covalent bonds with other atoms
Way to work out how many covalent bonds an element will form
1. Number of covalent bonds is equal to eight minus the group number
Double covalent bonds meaning they have two shared pairs of electrons and triple covalent bonds meaning they have three shared pairs of electrons
1. Double covalent bond is represented by a double line
2. Triple covalent bond is represented by a triple line

Resource summary

	Created by Olivia Brooklyn almost 12 years ago