Gender

Gender

1. Workplace

   • Horizontal segregation - traditional male and female jobs
     • Differences due to being socialised differently, learning different subjects at school, and women being discriminated in male jobs
   • Gender gap - men earn more even in same job
     • Men in charge of promotion discriminate women
     • Division of labour - men are breadwinners, women only work for extra luxuries
   • Sexism - sex discrimination
     • Sex Discrimination Act 1975 - bans discrimination
   • Having children affects women
     • Glass ceiling - invisible barrier preventing them from getting promoted

2. Education

   • Girls - do better in school
     • In the past, men thought girls didn't need a good education because they will be housewives and mothers
     • Rise in achievement due to awareness of gender issues and girls having higher expectations
   • Boys - underachieving
     • Less male jobs, more service jobs which are seen feminine
     • Laddish anti learning culture - being teased by peers
     • Lower literacy levels as reading in seen a female hobby
     • Lack of male role models in primary school

3. Life chances

   • Women are more downwardly mobile than upwardly mobile because children interrupt careers
   • Double shift - women work full time and do housework/childcare
   • Crime - women less convicted but more likely to be victims of rape
   • Health - men have shorter lives but women suffer more ill health
   • Women likely to do unpaid careers in caring sick, elderly, disbaled

4. Genderquake

   • Sue Sharpe - In the past girls saw futures in terms of marriage and children not careers
     • Changing aspirations - careers were more important, amounted in basic shift in gender relations (genderquake)
   • Ladettes - women behaving like men were a new role model
   • Can-Do girls - increasing confidence and high standards
   • Girl Power - feeling created by role models in popular culture
   • Might be achieved but hasn't been achieved yet

5. Men

   • Disadvantages - shorter life, more stress to support family, not valued as parents, hard to do female jobs
   • Fewer secure jobs - unsure if able to support family
   • Men are under more suspicion of domestic violence
   • Children brought up without father figure so men not important
   • Peer pressure - can't be effeminate, must be macho
   • Changing roles
     • New Man - anti-sexist, faithful, considerate, willing to do housework/childcare
     • New Lad - sexist, like men used to be