Alcohol

Alcohol

-OH Functional Group
Soluble due to -OH group forming hydrogen bonds with water
1. Hydrogen bonding reduces volatility (Higher Bp)
2. Solubility decreases with larger length chains. Long Chains disrupt hydrogen bonding between other water molecules
CnH2n+1OH
Ethanol C2H5OH
1. Hydration of Ethene
  1. 100% Atom Economy
  2. Steam and Ethene with phosphoric acid catalyst
2. Fermentation of sugars
  1. Involving yeast
  2. Anaerobic respiration - without oxygen
  3. Exothermic reaction
  4. Fermentation stops at 15% as the ethanol kills yeast
    1. Distillation required to increase the concentration
Reactions With:
1. Primary Alcohols
  1. Gentle Heating under distillation. Acidified dichromate [O]
    1. Aldehyde and water
      1. -CHO Group
    2. Rotting apples odour
  2. Strong heating under reflux. Excess 2[O] acidified dichromate.
    1. Carboxylic Acid and Water
      1. -COOH Group
    2. Vinegar Odour
    3. Turns Litmus paper red
2. Secondary Alcohols
  1. Reflux with excess 2[O] acidified dichromate
    1. Ketone
      1. -COC- Group
    2. Fruity Odour
3. Alcohol and Ethanoic acid
  1. Ester and water
    1. E.g. CH3CH2OOCCH3
  2. Fruity Smell
4. Colour change from Orange to Green
Tertiary Structures cannot be oxidised

Resource summary

	Created by elspeth96 about 10 years ago