727043
Description
Mind Map by jayyam7465, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jayyam7465
about 10 years ago
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CHRONIC ASTHMA
- epidemiology
- affects 5-10% of the population
- an estimated 23.4 million persons
- 7 million children
- estimated 300 million individuals worldwide
- Asthma is common in industrialized nations
- predominantly occurs in boys in childhood, with a
male-to-female ratio of 2:1 until puberty, when the
male-to-female ratio becomes 1:1
- prevalence is greater in females after puberty
- Asthma prevalence is increased in very
young persons and very old persons
because of airway responsiveness and
lower levels of lung function
- onset of asthma for most patients begins early in life
- a parental history of asthma
- affects 5-10% of the population
- Pathophysiology
- Airway inflammation
- Intermittent airflow obstruction
- Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
- Airway inflammation
- Clinical presentation
- Wheezing
- Cough may be the only symptom
of asthma
- Chest tightness or a history of
tightness or pain in the chest
- history of recurrent bronchitis,
bronchiolitis, or pneumonia
- a persistent cough with colds
- recurrent croup or chest rattling
- Wheezing
- Diagnosis
- Episodic symptoms of
airflow obstruction are
present
- Airflow obstruction or
symptoms are at least
partially reversible
- Exclusion of alternative
diagnoses
- Spirometry with postbronchodilator
response should be obtained as the
primary test to establish the asthma
diagnosis
- The chest radiograph remains
the initial imaging evaluation
- Episodic symptoms of
airflow obstruction are
present
- Treatment
- Environmental Control
- Allergen immunotherapy
- inhaled corticosteroids
- inhaled cromolyn or nedocromil
- long-acting bronchodilators
- theophylline
- leukotriene modifiers
- Monoclonal Antibody Therapy with Omalizumab
- Environmental Control
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