72786
Description
Mind Map by jessica-gollop, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jessica-gollop
almost 11 years ago
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Enzymes
- Enzymes are catalysts produced by living things.
- Living things have thousands of different chemical
reactions going on inside them all the time.
- You can usually make a reaction happen quicker by raising the
temperature. There's also a limit to how far you can raise the temperature
inside a living creature before its cells start getting damaged.
- Living things produce enzymes that act as biological catalysts.
Enzymes reduce the need for high temperatures. We only have
enzymes to speed up the useful chemical reactions in the body.
- A CATALYST IS A SUBSTANCE WHICH INCREASES
THE SPEED OF THE REACTION WITHOUT BEING
CHANGED OR USED UP IN THE REACTION.
- Enzymes are all proteins and all proteins are made up
of chains of amino acids. These chains are folded into
unique shapes, which enzymes need to do their job.
- Living things have thousands of different chemical
reactions going on inside them all the time.
- Enzymes have special shapes
so they can catalyse reactions.
- Chemical reactions usually
involve things either being
split or joined together.
- Every enzyme has a unique shape that fits
onto the substance involved in a reaction.
- Enzymes are really picky - they
usually only catalyse one reaction.
- This is because, for the enzyme to work, the substance
has to fit its special shape. If the substance doesn't match
the enzymes shape, then the reaction wont be catalysed.
- This is because, for the enzyme to work, the substance
has to fit its special shape. If the substance doesn't match
the enzymes shape, then the reaction wont be catalysed.
- Chemical reactions usually
involve things either being
split or joined together.
- Enzymes need the right
temperature and PH to work.
- Changing the temperature changes the
rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
- Like with any reaction, a higher temperature increases
the rate at first. But if it gets too hot some of the bonds
holding the enzyme together break.
- This destroys the enzymes special shape and
so it wont work any more. It has been denatured.
- This destroys the enzymes special shape and
so it wont work any more. It has been denatured.
- Enzymes in the human body
normally work best at around 37oC.
- The PH also affects enzymes. If it too high or low
the PH interferes with the bonds holding the
enzymes together. This also denatures the enzyme.
- Most enzymes work best at a PH level of about 7.
- Changing the temperature changes the
rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
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