Cell structure

Cell structure

Prokaryotic
1. Eg- Bacteria cell
  1. Circular DNA
    1. DNA in a single loop
    2. Double stranded
    3. Not enclosed in a nucleus
  2. Mesosome
    1. Thought to provide energy for the cell
  3. Plasmid
    1. Smaller section of DNA
    2. Often contains gene for antibiotic resistant
  4. Flagella
    1. Enables movement
  5. Pili
    1. Enables exchange of DNA between cells
  6. Capsule
    1. Found on pathogenic bacteria
    2. Mucous, jelly like outer coat
    3. Protects bacteria from viruses
    4. Prevents dessication (drying out)
    5. Prevents host attacks
      1. Eg- Immune system
  7. Cell membrane
  8. Cell wall
    1. made up of peptidoglycan
2. Free to move DNA
3. No membrane bound organelles
  1. No mitochondria
Eukaryotic
1. Eg- Animal/ Plant cell
  1. Organelles specific to a plant cell
    1. Cell wall
    2. Vaccuole
      1. Contains cell sap
    3. Chloroplasts
  2. Animal cell
    1. Ribosomes
      1. Where protein synthesis occurs
        Translation
    2. Rough ER
      1. Where proteins travel through after creation
      2. Distinguishable by Ribosomes dotted along its edge
    3. Smooth ER
      1. Involved in the production of lipids and steroids
    4. Nucleus
      1. Stores genetic information
      2. Where semi conservative DNA replication occurs
      3. Where transcription occurs
    5. Nucleolus
      1. Where Ribosomes are made
    6. Golgi apparatus
    7. Mitochondria
    8. Cell membrane
      1. Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
      2. Phospholipid bilayer
    9. Mitochondria
      1. Site of the later stages of aerobic respiration
    10. Lysosomes
      1. Contains digestive enzymes
      2. Involved in breakdown of unwanted structures
    11. Centrioles
      1. Comes in a pair
      2. Involved in spindle formation during mitosis
2. Membrane bound nucleus
3. Membrane bound organelles

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	Created by Nathan Butler over 7 years ago