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Science B2
- Many diseases that humans suffer from are caused by microbes.
- Harmful microorganisms are called pathogens.
- It is the effects of the pathogens on the body
on the body which cause us to feel ill.
- It is the effects of the pathogens on the body
on the body which cause us to feel ill.
- Diseases caused by bacteria include Meningitis, tetanus, salmonella and tuberculosis.
- Viruses cause disease in a different to bacteria. Once a
viruse enters a body cell and uses it to make opies of
itself.
- Sometimes their is so much of a virus in a
cell that it explodes
- Sometimes their is so much of a virus in a
cell that it explodes
- Viruses cause diseases such as flu, the common cold, measles and chickenpox.
- Bacteria and Viruses can reproduce very rapidly in ideal
conditions. In warm, moist environments with plenty of food
(such as inside the human biody), bacteria can reproduce
every 20 minutes.
- The term exponential growth means when one
bacterium becomes two, after another 20 minutes
those two become four, after another 20 minutes
those four become eight, and so on. This type of
growth is known as exponential growth.
- The term exponential growth means when one
bacterium becomes two, after another 20 minutes
those two become four, after another 20 minutes
those four become eight, and so on. This type of
growth is known as exponential growth.
- Our bodies fight against disease using
lots of different methods.
- Skin heals itself
- Saliva, tears and stomach acid wash away
invading microorganisms
- The immune system is an
internal defence
- The system attacks pathogens by using several
different types of white blood cell.
- The system attacks pathogens by using several
different types of white blood cell.
- White blood cells
- Made in the bone marrow
- Made in the bone marrow
- These white blood cells engulf microorganisms and digest them.
- Another type of white blood cell produces
antibodies that recognise and destroy particular
microorganisms.
- Skin heals itself
- Vacinations are generally given as injections under the skin
- Babies and children undergo a course of
vaccinations in their first year and as they
prepare to go to school
- Vaccinations usually contain a weak or non living form
of a pathogen to ensure that the vaccine itself does not
make the patient ill.
- Babies and children undergo a course of
vaccinations in their first year and as they
prepare to go to school
- An epidemic can occur when diseases spread rapidly through populations.
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