Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure Substances and Mixtures

1. Mixture

   • Homogenous
     • Pure substance
       • Compound
         • Water
         • Iron
         • Chemically bounded
       • Element
         • 24k Gold
         • Copper
         • Solid state
   • Matter
     • Heterogenous
       • Mixture
         • Mechanical Mixture
           • Granola
           • Salsa
           • 2 or more parts seen
         • Suspension
           • Salad dressing
           • Lemonade
           • Cloudy mixture
   • Colloid
     • Milk
     • Toothpaste
     • Appears cloudy
   • Solution
     • Apple juice
     • Steel
     • Appears to be one substance
     • Diluted
       • Solution with low solute
     • Concentrated
       • Solution with high solute
     • Saturated
       • Max of solute dissolved in solvent
     • Unsaturated
       • Less then the max of solute dissolved in solvent
     • Super saturated
       • More then the max of solute dissolved in the solvent

2. Three States Of Matter

   • Solid
     • Definite shape
     • Definite volume
     • Particles closely packed together
     • Ice
       • When heated the particles move faster
         • Changes to water
   • Liquid
     • Definite shape
     • not a definite volume
     • Particles are packed closely but can move around in all directions
     • When heated moves even faster
       • Changes to gas
     • When cooled particles slow down
       • Changes into a solid
     • Water
   • Gas
     • Not a definite shape
     • not a definite volume
     • Particles are packed very far apart
     • If cooled the particles slow down
       • Change back into water
     • Air

3. Particle Theory of matter

   • Three States of matter
     • Solid
     • Liquid
     • Gas
   • All Matter is made up of tiny particles
   • Particles have empty spaces between them
   • Even though you cannot see them, particles are moving randomly at all times
   • Particles move faster and spread farther apart when they are heated
   • Particles attract each other, so they tend to stay together rather than fly apart
   • Pure substances are made of 1 type of particle
   • Mixtures are made of many types of particles
   • Particles are arranged differently in each state of matter
   • Particles are closer in solids and liquids than in gases
   • The particles of a sample of matter always stay the same
   • Matter can change from one state to another. A change in state can happen when a sample of matter is heated or cooled