Coronary Artery Disease

Description

Mind Map on Coronary Artery Disease, created by Sadaf Popal on 11/03/2017.
Sadaf Popal
Mind Map by Sadaf Popal, updated more than 1 year ago
Sadaf Popal
Created by Sadaf Popal over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Coronary Artery Disease
  1. Diagnosis
    1. due to less blood supply heart can't get the Oxygen or blood it requires
      1. Due to build up of cholestrol and fatty deposits called plaque
        1. Arteries that supply blood to heart muscle become weakened and narrowed
          1. build up is called Atherosclerosis
          2. Leads to Angina and Heart failure
          3. Electrocardiogram
            1. Detects Heart rate/rythm/strengh
            2. Stress Test
              1. Exercise makes your
              2. Echocardiography
                1. uses sound waves to make a moving picture of heart
                2. MRI
                  1. Detailed picture of heart
                  2. Blood Test
                    1. Checks levels of fat, cholestrol, sugar and protein
                    2. Diagnostic studies
                      1. Non-modifiable Risk factors
                      2. Angoigram
                        1. a cathetar is passed into an artery in groin & guided into the cornoary artereis using X-rays. A dye is injected into the catheter
                      3. Complication
                        1. Psychological complications
                          1. Depression
                            1. Anxiety
                            2. Inability to tolerate stress
                              1. chest pain
                                1. Arrhythmia
                                  1. Ruptured plaque formation leading to blood clots
                                    1. fatigue
                                      1. Heart Failure
                                        1. Myocardial Infarction
                                          1. Stenonsis
                                            1. Total occulusion
                                              1. Cerebral Vascular accident
                                                1. Refractory Angina ( unaffected by medications, angioplasty,or CABG)
                                              2. Assessment
                                                1. Symptoms
                                                  1. Angina
                                                    1. Heart Attack
                                                      1. Heart failure
                                                        1. Arrhythmia
                                                          1. Fatigue
                                                            1. Shortness of breath
                                                              1. Sweating & dizziness
                                                                1. Some people have no signs called silent CAD
                                                                2. Risk factors
                                                                  1. High cholestrol
                                                                    1. Obesity
                                                                      1. Smoking
                                                                        1. Diabetes
                                                                          1. Lack of physical activity
                                                                            1. High LDL and low HDL
                                                                              1. family history
                                                                            2. Treatment
                                                                              1. Exercise
                                                                                1. Regular physical activity + diet can prevent quarter of CAD
                                                                                  1. Maintain a healthy weight
                                                                                    1. BMI < 25
                                                                                    2. Moderate intensity aerobic excercise for 2 hours and 30 minutes per week
                                                                                      1. Weight loss lowers BP, decreases LDL and increases HDL
                                                                                    3. Drug Therapy
                                                                                      1. Anticoguants
                                                                                        1. Aspirin
                                                                                          1. Warfarin
                                                                                          2. Beta-blockers
                                                                                            1. Metaprolol
                                                                                              1. Lowers BP
                                                                                            2. Ca channel blocker
                                                                                              1. Amlodipine
                                                                                                1. Dilates Coronary artries
                                                                                            3. Nutritional therapy
                                                                                              1. Heart healthy eating
                                                                                                1. Avoid trans and saturated fat
                                                                                                  1. Limit Alcohol intake
                                                                                                    1. Raises BP & tryglycerides levels which leads to weight gain
                                                                                                      1. Women < 1 drink
                                                                                                        1. Men < 2 drinks
                                                                                                    2. Quit smoking
                                                                                                      1. Harms blood cells
                                                                                                        1. Damages structure of heart and blood vessels
                                                                                                        2. Managing stress
                                                                                                          1. Surgical treatment
                                                                                                            1. PCI (Angioplasty)
                                                                                                              1. Non-surgical procedure
                                                                                                                1. opens blocked Coronary artries
                                                                                                                  1. A tube with a ballon on the end is threaded through a blood vessel to the blocked artery
                                                                                                                    1. ballon compresses the plaque against wall of the artery
                                                                                                              2. Coronary artery bypass grafting
                                                                                                                1. A healthy vein or artery from the body is connected to the blocked artery
                                                                                                                  1. grafted artery bypasses the blocked artery
                                                                                                                    1. creates new path for oxygen rich blood to enter the heart
                                                                                                                2. Cardiac Rehab
                                                                                                                  1. Medically supervised program that helps improve the well-being of heart patients
                                                                                                                    1. Doctors
                                                                                                                      1. Nurses
                                                                                                                        1. Exercise specialist
                                                                                                                          1. PT and OT
                                                                                                                            1. Dietician
                                                                                                                              1. Nutritionist
                                                                                                                              2. Doctors prescribe rehab after Angioplasty or heart attack
                                                                                                                                1. there is two types of Rehab
                                                                                                                                  1. Education & counciling
                                                                                                                                    1. Help client understand heart condition
                                                                                                                                      1. how to adjust to new life style
                                                                                                                                    2. Exercise training
                                                                                                                                      1. Helps clients to exercise safely
                                                                                                                                        1. Improves stamina
                                                                                                                                          1. Care plan
                                                                                                                              3. Development of CAD
                                                                                                                                1. Injury to epithelium
                                                                                                                                  1. Local Inflammatory response
                                                                                                                                    1. C-reactive protein level rise
                                                                                                                                      1. Unstable plaque formation
                                                                                                                                        1. LDL oxidation
                                                                                                                                        2. LDL enters through endothelium lesion
                                                                                                                                          1. Phagocytosis of LDLs via macrophages
                                                                                                                                            1. Foam cell formation
                                                                                                                                              1. Fatty streak
                                                                                                                                                1. Thickening of arterial wall
                                                                                                                                                  1. platelet formation and LDL
                                                                                                                                                  2. smooth muscle proliferation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Collagen covers the fatty streaks
                                                                                                                                                      1. Fibrous cap (plaque)
                                                                                                                                                        1. Inflammation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Plaque rupture
                                                                                                                                                            1. Thrombus formation
                                                                                                                                                              1. Further narrowing artery
                                                                                                                                                                1. Total occulasion
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Complicated lesion
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