Fracture in the Arm

Anatomy of the arm
1. Bone
  1. bone formation by 2 ways: 1-endochonral 2-intermembranous
    1. intermembranous
    2. endochondral
  2. types of bone cells
2. muscles
3. Nerves
4. arteries
fracture
1. types of fracture
2. NERVE:structure that could be damaged because of the fracture
  1. types of nerve injury
    1. NEURAPRAXIA: Chronic mechanical pressure
    2. AXONOTMESIS :the disruption of axons and myelin neural tub are intact.
    3. NEUROTMESIS:Division of the nerve trunk .Occurs in open wounds
  2. Healing
  3. Radial nerve injury> "Wrist & Finger Drop"
    1. treatment option
3. radiology options:
  1. X-rays
  2. CT Scan
  3. MRI
4. Managements
  1. Cast & splint
    1. back splint keeps the area immobilized but not compressed
  2. reduction :a procedure to set (reduce) a broken bone without surgery
    1. Direct
      1.  Direct clamp application
      2.  Push-pull technique
    2. Indirect
      1. Traction table with image intensifier
      2. Distractor and joysticks
  3. physiotherapy
    1. -Wand exercise -Shoulder wheel -Finger ladder exercise -Swiss ball exercise
  4. Psychotherapy
    1. Exposure therapy "Graded Exposure"
      1. Constructing an exposure fear hierarchy, in which feared objects, activities, or situations are ranked according to difficulty. Starting with mildly or moderately difficult exposures, then progress to harder ones.
5. complications of healing
  1. -Compartment syndrome -Neurovascular injury -Infection -Post-traumatic arthritis -Growth abnormalities- Delayed union Nonunion Malunion

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Fracture in the Arm

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	Created by Dana Alobadily about 7 years ago