Taxi Driver

Anatomy
1. Verterbra
2. Spinal Column
3. Joints Of The Spine
  1. The Intervertebral Discs
  2. Facet joints
  3. Atlanto Occipital Joint
  4. Atlanto Axial joints
4. Ligaments
  1. Ligamentum Flavum
  2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  3. Interspinous ligament
  4. Intertransverse ligaments
  5. Posterior longitudinal ligament
  6. Supraspinous Ligament
5. Spinal Cord
6. Coverings
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Subdural Space
  3. Subarachnoid Space
  4. Arachnoid Mater
  5. Pia Mater
7. Muscles Of The Back
  1. Transverso-Spinalis Group
  2. Erector Spinae
Neurological disorders
1. Degenerated Dis
2. Bulging Disc
3. Herniated DIsc
4. Thinning Disc
Back Pain
1. Causes
  1. muscle strain
    1. when the muscle is over-stretched or torn
  2. lumbar sprain
    1. when ligaments are stretched too far or torn
  3. Degenerative Disc Disease
  4. Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
  5. Lumbar Herniated Disc
Sciatic
1. Definition
  1. A compressed nerve root in the lumbar (lower) spine that irritates this nerve can cause pain, ranging from mild to severe
2. Sciatic Nerve
3. Radicular Pain
  1. is a type of pain that radiates into the lower extremity directly along the course of a spinal nerve root.
4. Causes
  1. irritation of the root of the lower lumbar
  2. Lumbar spinal stenosis
  3. Degenerative disc disease
  4. Spondylolisthesis
  5. Osteophytes
  6. Arthritis in the spine
5. Management
  1. Non-Surgical Treatment
    1. Heat/Ice
    2. Pain Medication
      1. NSAID's
      2. Muscle Relaxants
      3. Narcotic Drugs
    3. Epidural Steroid Injection
  2. Alternative Therapy
    1. Chiropractic/manual manipulation
    2. Acupuncture
    3. Cognitive behavior therapy
    4. Massage therapy
  3. Surgery
    1. microdiscectomy
    2. lumbar laminectomy
6. Visual Analogue Pain
  1. Measures intensity of pain
7. Physical Examination
  1. Inspection
  2. Palpation
  3. ROM

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Taxi Driver

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	Created by murtadha alshaye about 7 years ago