The immune system

Description

A level Biology Mind Map on The immune system, created by Abigail Whiting on 03/17/2017.
Abigail Whiting
Mind Map by Abigail Whiting, updated more than 1 year ago
Abigail Whiting
Created by Abigail Whiting almost 8 years ago
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Resource summary

The immune system
  1. Phagocytosis
    1. 1. Attraction - The pathogen is detected by the phagocyte, causing the phagocyte to move towards it.
      1. 2. Engulfing - Pathogen attaches to receptors on outside of phagocyte, causing the phagocyte to engulf it in a process called endocytosis.
        1. 3. Phagosome - A phagosome is formed when the pathogen is engulfed
          1. 4. Phagolysosome - Lysosomes bind with the phagosome, forming a phagolysosome
            1. 5. Digestion and absorption - The lysosomes that bind with the phagosome contain digestive enzymes which break down the pathogen. Any useful components gathered from the breakdown of the pathogen are absorbed.
              1. 6.Discharging waste - Any products that cannot be digested are discharged
    2. Cell-mediated response
      1. The cell mediated response requires T lymphocytes
        1. These are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland, making them "T" cells
        2. 1. When the phagocyte ingests the pathogen it presents its antibodies on its surface.
          1. 2. Complementary receptors on a T-helper cell bind with the presented antigen
            1. 3. The T-helper cell then becomes activated and divides rapidly by mitosis. This is called clonal selection and is part of the primary immune response.
              1. 4. The cloned T-helper cells can go on to...
                1. Produce memory cells for when the body encounters the pathogen again
                  1. Activate Killer T cells which will destroy the pathogen
                    1. Activate the humoral response
            2. Immunity
              1. Primary and secondary immune response
                1. The primary immune response is when the body encounters a pathogen for the first time and sets up immunity by creating memory cells which remember the pathogen if it is encountered again.
                  1. The initial encounter produces a relatively low amount of antibodies
                    1. There is a lag phase after the first exposure where the pathogen is engulfed, its antigens presented, a T-helper cell attached and clonal selection activated
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