biology new

biology new

heart
1. atruim
  1. ventrical
    1. aorta
      1. vena cava
        pulmonary vein
        pulmonary artery
2. blood vessels
  1. capillaries
    1. arterys
      1. veins
        thinner walls
        valves
        thin layer of muscle and elastic
      2. elastic tissue
        thick walls
        muscle
    2. permiable
      1. one cell thick
lungs
1. trachea
  1. bronchus
    1. bronchioles
      1. alveoli
2. diaphragm
  1. intercostal muscle
    1. thorax
blood
1. red blood cells
  1. plasma
    1. white blood cells
      1. protects your from disease
        antibodies
        changes shape
      2. platelets
        seals cuts
        fragments of cells
    2. straw coloured
      1. contains nutrients
        half of the blood
  2. haemoglobin
    1. oxyhaemoglobin
procedures
1. heart transplant
  1. matched to patients
    1. immuno-supprestants
    2. can be killed if not matched
  2. can work for a couple of years
2. artificial valves
  1. blood clots
    1. anti coagulant drugs
  2. no blood
    1. no rejections
    2. less surgeory
      1. last a lifetime
3. artificial hearts
  1. no rejection
    1. no immuno-suspressants
  2. parts can wear out
    1. blood thinning drugs
      1. doesn't work as well
        blood clots
health
1. obesity
  1. high blood pressure
    1. arteries can burst
      1. causing brain damage
  2. diabetes
    1. too much glucose
      1. liver
    2. 1 and 2
  3. arthritis
    1. too much weight
    2. inflamed joints
  4. heart disease
    1. heart attacks
2. alcohol
  1. liver damage
  2. brain damage
  3. coma
  4. non long lasting effects
immune system
1. 2nd line of defence
  1. antibodies
    1. engulfing pathogens
    2. antitoxins
2. 1st line of defence
  1. eyes
    1. nose
      1. skin
        stomach
        trachea and cilia
        scabs
        platelets block cuts to stop pathogens entering
        cilia catch pathogens
        sweeps pathogens to the stomach
        acid burns pathogens
        produce antimicrobial secretions
        barrier
      2. hairs block pathogens
    2. tears wash away the pathogens
    3. eyelashes catch pathogens
3. microorganisms
  1. fungi
    1. virus
      1. bacteria
        protista
4. vaccinations
  1. contain dead or weakened pathogens
  2. white blood cells remember the antigens

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	Created by Darcy Batty about 7 years ago